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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)Eucaryotic celIs have two major compartments- nucleus and cytoplasm. Cytoplasm was known to have no structure until the discovery of electron micrsscope. That cytoplasm is permeated by a membranous network called endoplasmic reticulum (ER), was revealed only after the introduction of electron microscope. Endoplasmic reticulum is a three dimensional network of membrane channels which constitutes more than half of the total membrane of the cell, ER is a highly folded and convoluted structure and forms a single continuous sheet enclosing one continuous sac. The interior of the sac is called "cisternal space" or "ER lumen". This is separated from the cytoplasm also called cytosol by a single membrane which mediates the communication between these two compartments. ER provides the cell with a compartment for storage of substances to be kept separate from cytosol. In addition, it has a key role in the biosynthesis of macromolecules. ER is a double membranous organelle which consists of interconnecting flattened sacs called cisternae or interconnected tubules or vesicles. Cisternae are temporary storage sites for nutrients (Figure shown below).
Demographic Transition As we saw earlier, death rates and birth rates have been nearly equal throughout much of human history. However, in Western Europe, death rates began to
Types of Community On the basis of size and degree of relative independence communities may be divided into two types: i) Major Community: These are large-sized, well org
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides which are absorbed into the blood stream. In the liver and muscles, most of the glucose is
Define Function of thiamin as Regulator of enzyme activity? Thiamin regulates the enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. These are: a) Pyruvate dehydrogenase, which pr
Strawberry Slain: It signfies the dilatation of deeper vessels to form cavernous spaces like those seen in the erectile tissue of the penis. The lesion is well-defined
Estuaries - Aquatic Ecosystems All the rivers and lakes ultimately drain into the sea. However, many rivers develop a highly specialised zone before joining the proper sea. Th
On a separate piece of paper, draw a simple family tree for a couple showing children (F1), and lineages from two children showing grand children (G2), great grandchildren (G3), gr
What are the cell kinds that form the phloem? What are the major features of those cells? The major cells that form the phloem are the sieve elements and the companion cells an
Non-threshold approaches For genetic carcinogenes, the "NOEL-safety factor" approach is generally not considered a suitable method for setting the acceptable intake level
ENZYMES IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS The rationale for measuring plasma or serum enzyme levels is based on the premise that these levels reflect changes that have occurred in a
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