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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)Eucaryotic celIs have two major compartments- nucleus and cytoplasm. Cytoplasm was known to have no structure until the discovery of electron micrsscope. That cytoplasm is permeated by a membranous network called endoplasmic reticulum (ER), was revealed only after the introduction of electron microscope. Endoplasmic reticulum is a three dimensional network of membrane channels which constitutes more than half of the total membrane of the cell, ER is a highly folded and convoluted structure and forms a single continuous sheet enclosing one continuous sac. The interior of the sac is called "cisternal space" or "ER lumen". This is separated from the cytoplasm also called cytosol by a single membrane which mediates the communication between these two compartments. ER provides the cell with a compartment for storage of substances to be kept separate from cytosol. In addition, it has a key role in the biosynthesis of macromolecules. ER is a double membranous organelle which consists of interconnecting flattened sacs called cisternae or interconnected tubules or vesicles. Cisternae are temporary storage sites for nutrients (Figure shown below).
If glycogen degradation and glycogen synthesis were allowed to occur concurrently, the net effect would be hydrolysis of UTP, a so-called futile cycle. To stop this, b
Define the term - Stimulus Stimulus and response characteristics of the tests themselves, as well as of the test instructions, become exceedingly important considerations. In g
Excretion in Non-Chordates Excretion as described under Introduction of this unit refers to removal of the waste products of metabolism - carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water rele
The vagus gives of one superior cervical cardiac branch and an inferior cervical cardiac branch in the neck. These branches descend into the thorax and take part in performing the
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Provides one dimensional ("ice pick") view of the heart only provides information with respect to the distance of each object from the transducer and no information in the l
Classification according to the modes of transmission 1. Direct zoonoses: The direct zoonoses are those zoonoses that are transmitted from an infected vertebrate host to a
Hypothetical question. A new biotech company intends to clone the gene encoding the ABA 8-hydroylase enzyme, an important protein regulating plant hormone degradation that control
What are the Stages of soil The development of soil takes place in two stages. In the first stage there is formation of parent material which is generally consolidated and cons
Q. Do echinoderms have an excretory system? How is excretion done in these animals? Echinoderms do not have an excretory system their excretions are eliminated by diffusion.
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