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The Emptiness Problem is the problem of deciding if a given regular language is empty (= ∅).
Theorem 4 (Emptiness) The Emptiness Problem for Regular Languages is decidable.
Proof: We'll sketch three different algorithms for deciding the Emptiness Problem, given some DFA A = (Q,Σ, T, q0, F).
(Emptiness 1) A string w is in L(A) iff it labels a path through the transition graph of A from q0 to an accepting state. Thus, the language will be non-empty iff there is some such path. So the question of Emptiness reduces to the question of connectivity: the language recognized by A is empty iff there is no accepting state in the connected component of its transition graph that is rooted at q0. The problem of determining connected components of directed graphs is algorithmically solvable,by Depth-First Search, for instance (and solvable in time linear in the number of nodes). So, given A, we just do a depth-?rst search of the transition graph rooted at the start state keeping track of whether we encounter any accepting state. We return "True" iff we ?nd none.
While the SL 2 languages include some surprisingly complex languages, the strictly 2-local automata are, nevertheless, quite limited. In a strong sense, they are almost memoryless
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We got the class LT by taking the class SL and closing it under Boolean operations. We have observed that LT ⊆ Recog, so certainly any Boolean combination of LT languages will also
This close relationship between the SL2 languages and the recognizable languages lets us use some of what we know about SL 2 to discover properties of the recognizable languages.
The path function δ : Q × Σ* → P(Q) is the extension of δ to strings: This just says that the path labeled ε from any given state q goes only to q itself (or rather never l
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De?nition (Instantaneous Description) (for both DFAs and NFAs) An instantaneous description of A = (Q,Σ, δ, q 0 , F) , either a DFA or an NFA, is a pair h q ,w i ∈ Q×Σ*, where
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Prepare the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2011. On 1 July 2006, Mark Ltd acquired all the share capitall of john Ltd for $700,000. At the date , J
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