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ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ION CONCENTRATION
Activity dependence of cell voltage:
Measurement of galvanic cell potentials away from the standard state provides a convenient method for measuring ion activity and activity coefficient. As ion concentration is varied in a half-cell to vary ion activity. Equilibrium position of the half cell reduction reaction changes and that causes a change in the half-cell potential. The relationship between the activity and half-cell potential is given by the Nernst equation:
for the general half-cell reduction reaction:
aA+bB+ne-→cC+dD
Cells at equilibrium:
When a cell is at equilibrium, Ecell=0 (the 'flat battery' condition) and Q=K, the equilibrium constant for the reaction (see Topic C1). This gives the expression: which allows calculation of equilibrium constants (see Topic C1) for cell reactions from calculated or measured values.
which allows calculation of equilibrium constants for cell reactions from calculated or measured values.
The tetrahedral arrangement of four ligands surrounding the metal ion may be visualized. It is clear that in tetrahedral field, none of the orbitals point exactly towards the ligan
The charge of an electron is -1.6 x10 -19 C. The value of free charge on Li + ion will be: (1) 3.6x 10 -19 c (2) 1x 10 -19 c (3) 1.6 x 10 -19
verify the law of multiple proportions for an element X, which forms oxides having percentages of X equal to 77.4%, 63.2%,69.6% and 72.0%
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CAN SOMEONE PLEASE EXPLAIN TO BE HOW THE LIBERMANNS CHEMICAL REACTION WORKS? I ALSO NEED ALOT ABOUT THE CHEMISTRY BEHIND THE REACTION, AND CANT FIND MUCH ONLINE.. PLEASE HELP ME
Mention two properties of acetonitrile b of which it acts as a good solvent. Draw a diagram showing the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals by the LCAO in ho
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what is this
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