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Effects of NULL for UNIQUE Specification
When a UNIQUE specification u for base table t includes a column c that is not subject to a NOT NULL constraint, the appearance of several rows having NULL in place of a value for c and equal values for the other columns specified in u is permitted. It is only when each column of the specified "key" has a value that those column values may not appear in the same combination in more than one row of t.
Cursors The Oracle uses work areas to execute the SQL statements and to store process information. A PL/SQL construct known as the cursor. Let's you assume name a work area and
Question: Consider the following relations (primary keys are underlined): AUTHOR (ANo, aname, address, speciality) PUBLISHER (PNo, pname, Location) BOOK (BNo, Title, ISBN,
Question: (a) The objective of query optimization is to choose the most efficient strategy for implementing a given relational query, thereby improving the system performance. On
Using RENAME in combination with JOIN - SQL Example gives pairs of ids of students having the same name, by joining two renamings of IS_CALLED. Example gives an equivalent ex
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Functions The function is a subprogram which can take parameters and be invoked. Normally, you can use a function to calculate a value. The function has 2 sections: the specifi
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Restriction and AND - SQL Restriction is available via the WHERE operator, and so it is in SQL. However, by Example showing how a certain simple restriction can be expressed u
Cursor Variables Similar to a cursor, cursor variable points to the current row in the result set of a multi-row query. But, dissimilar a cursor, a cursor variable can be opene
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