Effective mass, Electrical Engineering

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Effective Mass

  • The electrons' "wave-particle" motion in a lattice is not the same as that for a free electron, because of the interaction with the periodic potential of the lattice.
  • To still be able to treat these particles as "free", the rest mass has to be altered to take into account the influence of the lattice.
  • The calculation of effective mass takes into account the shape of the energy bands in three-dimensional (3D) k-space, taking appropriate averages over the various energy bands.
  • The effective mass of an electron in a band with a given (E,k) relation is given by

 

                               Mx = [h/(2π)]2 / d2E/dk2         


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