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Edit Characters for Numeric Data:
The characters below can be used in the PICTURE clause to indicate the editing.
Z * $ - + CR DB . , B O /
The use of these edit characters are elucidate below:
Z (Zero Suppression) :
The edit character Z is used to repress the leading zeroes in the numeric data item. The leading zeroes are substitute with blanks.
The Z character has no effect of trailing the zeroes.
Program for Sequential File Creation & Rewriting We have to write a program to create a Length file with just two fields: l (Length) and l-c (Length-Code). Add a few records.
NEGATED SIMPLE CONDITION: Any of the easy condition explained can be preceded by the logical operator NOT. The consequence of placing the operator NOT before an easy condition
SIMPLE MERGE VERB: Like sorting, the merging of files is often required in different commercial application. It is likely to merge two or more files with the help of one MERGE
START STATEMENT: The START statement places the files to the initial logical record whose record key satisfies the condition specified by the KEY phrase. The access mode shoul
CLOSE STATEMENT: When the processing of a file is completed, then the file may be closed. This is completed with the help of the CLOSE-verb. The form of the CLOSE statement is
Comparison of the Numeric Operand with Nonnumeric Operand: The numeric operand can be compared to the nonnumeric operand subject to the restrictions which are as follows.
CONDITIONS-NAME CONDITION: The condition name is an entity which itself is a condition and these can have either a true or false value. Though, a condition name cannot be d
LEVEL NUMBERS: The COBOL makes use of the level number concept to explain the hierarchical data structure. A level number is a 2 digit number. The permitted level numbers a
Example of Open statement: Illustration: The OPEN INPUT TRANSACTION, OLD-MASTER OUTPUT NEW-MASTER. The illustration represents that there are two input files named the
Occurs Clause: Let us establish tables with the help of an illustration. Assume that there are ten different types of income-tax rates that are read from some input medium and
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