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This is extension of the EM algorithm which typically converges more slowly than EM in terms of the iterations but can be much faster in the whole computer time. The general idea of the algorithm is to replace M-step of each EM iteration with the sequence of S >1conditional or constrained maximization or the CM-steps, each of which maximizes the expected complete-data log-likelihood found in the previous E-step subject to constraints on parameter of interest, θ, where the collection of all the constraints is such that the maximization is over the full parameter space of θ. Because the CM maximizations are over the smaller dimensional spaces, many times they are simpler, faster and more reliable than corresponding full maximization known in the M-step of the EM algorithm.
The Null Hypothesis - H0: γ 1 = γ 2 = ... = 0 i.e. there is no heteroscedasticity in the model The Alternative Hypothesis - H1: at least one of the γ i 's are not equal
Coincidences : Astonishing concurrence of the events, perceived as meaningfully related, with no apparent causal connection. Such type of events abounds in everyday life and is oft
Group visible design is an arrangement of the v mn treatments in b blocks such that: * Each block comprises k distinct treatments k5v; * Each treatment is replicated r number
Case-cohort study : The research design in epidemiology which involves the sampling of controls at the outset of the study that is to be compared with the cases from the cohort. Th
Calibration : A procedure which enables a series of simply obtainable but inaccurate measurements of some quantity of interest to be used to provide more precise estimates of the r
Window variables are the variables measured during the constrained interval of an observation period which is accepted as the proxies for the information over the whole period. Fo
Reinterviewing is the second interview for a sample of survey respondents in which questions of the original interview (or the subset of them) are repeated again. The same methods
This is the theorem which states that if the error terms in a multiple regression have the same variance and are not corrected, then the estimators of the parameters in the model p
A construction for events that happen in some planar area a, consisting of the series of 'territories' each of which comprises of that part of a closer to the particular event xi t
Prevalence : The measure of the number of people in a population who have a certain disease at a given point in time. It c an be measured by two methods, as point prevalence and p
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