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Usually memory is allocated from a large pool of unused memory area called the heap. In C++, dynamic allocation/deallocation must be manually performed using commands like malloc, free, new and delete. Malloc allocates space of a given size and gives a pointer back to the programmer. The programmer then can do whatever he or she wants with it. The new command, on the other hand, allocates a speci?c object of a given size. The general way in which dynamic allocation is done is that the program asks the memory manager to allocate or free objects (or multiple pages); then, the memory manager asks the OS to allocate/free pages (or multiple pages). Notice, how- ever, that the allocator does not give the whole allocated page back to the program; it just gives what it asked for. The rest of the page (i.e. the parts not given to the program) is saved for future memory requests.
Q. What are two differences among user-level threads and kernel-level threads? Under what situations is one type better than the other? Answer: (1) User-level threads are un
Identifying parallelism A formal way to identify parallelism in an activity is to draw a task dependence graph in a directed graph in which each vertex represents a task to
FCFS (First Come, First Served) Perform operations in order requested No reordering of work queue No starvation every demand is serviced Poor performance
Consider the subsequent resource-allocation policy. Requests as well as releases for resources are allowed at any time. If a request for resources can't be satisfied because the re
Write a short note on file organization and access. There are three methods to access files 1Record Access 2Sequential Access 3Random Access The record access
what if we need the portion from a text based on some keyword. For eg. My file is like below, ------------------------------------------------ Order=[ 1 2 3 4 5 Order=[ 6 7 8 9
Give an overview of UNIX based file systems. UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems allocate a device name to each device, other than this isn't how the files on that device are
BENEFITS OF THREADS OVER PROCESS If implemented correctly after those threads have some advantages of (multi) processes, they take: 1. Less time to create a new thread tha
Write a short note on disk structure Modern disk drives are initiate as large one dimensional array of logical blocks where the logical block is the smallest unit of transfer.
Let us consider the pining details of the 68HC11 as shown below. Each pin has a defined function, some easy, some complex. A microprocessor designer should understan
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