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Usually memory is allocated from a large pool of unused memory area called the heap. In C++, dynamic allocation/deallocation must be manually performed using commands like malloc, free, new and delete. Malloc allocates space of a given size and gives a pointer back to the programmer. The programmer then can do whatever he or she wants with it. The new command, on the other hand, allocates a speci?c object of a given size. The general way in which dynamic allocation is done is that the program asks the memory manager to allocate or free objects (or multiple pages); then, the memory manager asks the OS to allocate/free pages (or multiple pages). Notice, how- ever, that the allocator does not give the whole allocated page back to the program; it just gives what it asked for. The rest of the page (i.e. the parts not given to the program) is saved for future memory requests.
What are conditions under which a deadlock situation may arise? A deadlock situation can arise if the following four conditions hold simultaneously in a system: a. Mutual ex
What is preallocation? Why do it? Allocating space for a file before making the file to allow for expansion. This reserves space for a certain file so that other files can't gr
What are the differences between process and thread? The fundamental difference between a process and a thread is that a process has an entire copy of the program to itself and
What is Two-level directory In the two-level directory structure every user has own user file directory (UFD). When a user jobs begins or a user logs in, the system's master fi
Compare contiguous-memory allocation with pure paging in the following aspects: 1. In support of dynamic memory allocation: most systems allow programs to allocate more memory t
about error detection in operating system and how does it take place?
What is an effector process? The effector process is a method that verifies itself.The effector process exists in particular criteria.
Transparency Users must be able to access remote resources as though these resources were local. Transparency should as well promote user mobility. Users must be allowed
What are the three main activities of an operating system in regard to memory management? Keep track of which parts of memory are now being used and by whom. Decide which pr
Define a loader that is executed when a system is first turned on or restarted? Bootstrap loader is executed when a system is first turned on or restarted
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