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DMA Hardware (8237 DMAC) :
1)Processor contain HOLD/HOLD Acknowledge lines to interact with 8237
o DMAC can achieve control of ISA bus by asserting HOLD
o Processor acknowledges with HLDA
2)DRQ4 services slave controller Priorities are set as fixed
o DRQ0 highest and DRQ7 lowest
o It set at POST
o It can be reprogrammed for rotating priority
3)ISA address/data/control lines are also linked (not shown)
o It can access control registers through ports
o Each channel has a page register associated with
Write Policy A write policy determines how the cache deals with a write cycle. The 2 common write policies areWrite-Throughand Write-Back. In Write-Back policy, the cache behav
ADC: Add with Carry:- This instruction performs the similar operation a like ADD instruction, but adds the carry flag bit (which might be set as a result of the previous calculatio
Hold Response Sequence The HOLD pin is examined at leading edge of each clock pulse. If it is received active line by the processor before T4 of the earlier cycle/during the T1
For an 8088 the 2 addresses linked with an 8259A are normally consecutive, and the AO line is associated to the AO pin, but because there are just 8 data pins on the 8259A and the
Comparison between 8086 and 8088 All the changes in 8088 above 8086 are indirectly or directly related to the 8-bit, 8085 compatible data and control bus interface. 1) The p
Machine Level Programs In this section, a few machine levels programming instance, rather then, instruction sequences are presented for comparing the 8086 programming with that
Interrupt System Based on Single 8259 A The 8259A is contained in a 28-pin dual-in-line package that need only a + 5-V supply voltage. Its organization is shown in given figur
External System Bus Architecture : This is a 16 bit processor with 40 pins. It has twenty address pins and out of which sixteen are utilized as data pins. This concept of by us
INC: Increment : - This instruction increments the contents of the particular memory or register location by the value 1. All the condition code flags are affected except the carry
INT N : Interrupt Type N:- In the interrupt structure of 8086/8088, 256 interrupts are distinct equivalent to the types from OOH to FFH. When an instruction INT N is executed,
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