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There are two dominant forms of building distributed systems: client-server systems, i.e. systems in which one machine acts as a server and act as clients; and peer-to-peer systems, where each host is both a server and a client. Standard web access follows the client-server model, and services such as BitTorrent follow the peer-to-peer model. However, in real life these are not completely distinct; for instance, internally Google applies some of each of these methodologies. Actually, client-server system are sometimes implemented as a chain of clients and servers, even though from the point of view of the client there's only one server.
Another possible building pattern is that in which the client communicates directly with only a server, but in the background its requests are actually processed by a cloud of machines, which actually resembles the way Google works internally. In this case, the cloud of machines implements a system with lots of redundancy (e.g. via a big distributed ?le system). Some of the machines in the cloud hold data, and other machines hold meta-data. When some client requests, for instance, a ?le, the meta-data servers ?rst identify which other machines hold each piece of that ?le. This type of architecture represents the current trend being followed when creating large scale systems. So, in practice, we see that current successful large scale systems are a mix between client-server architectures and peer-to-peer systems, implemented with lots of storage and computational redundancy.
What is difference among ARP and RARP? The address resolution protocol (ARP) is used to associate the 32 bit IP address with the 48 bit physical address, used by a host or a ro
In link-state routing network topology is filled from route calculation. Switches send link-state information about local joins. Every switch creates own routing tables. It needs
In point-to-point message passing, single process sends/receives message to/from another process. There are four communication modes for sending a message: i) Buffered mode
After studying this part the students will be able to understand about the following: Analysis of Parallel Algorithms; Different Models of Computation; o Interco
The three phase of PPP session establishment are:- A. Link establishment phase B. Authentication phase C. Network layer protocol phase
http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~savage/papers/CCS12Exploit.pdf
Q. Explain about Domain Name System? -In the past, mapping of IP addresses was static using a host file -Impossible in today's dynamic environment -Domain Name System (DN
show cdp is the command to verify if CDP is enabled.
Facts about Fiber Optic Cables 1. Outer insulating jacket is made of Teflon or PVC. 2. Kevler fiber helps to strengthen the cable and prevent breakage. 3. A plas
BRDGING BETWEEN BUILDINGS: If two buildings are placed far from each other, a bridge, a pair of fiber modems and an optical fiber may be used to locate two LANs as given in t
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