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There are two dominant forms of building distributed systems: client-server systems, i.e. systems in which one machine acts as a server and act as clients; and peer-to-peer systems, where each host is both a server and a client. Standard web access follows the client-server model, and services such as BitTorrent follow the peer-to-peer model. However, in real life these are not completely distinct; for instance, internally Google applies some of each of these methodologies. Actually, client-server system are sometimes implemented as a chain of clients and servers, even though from the point of view of the client there's only one server.
Another possible building pattern is that in which the client communicates directly with only a server, but in the background its requests are actually processed by a cloud of machines, which actually resembles the way Google works internally. In this case, the cloud of machines implements a system with lots of redundancy (e.g. via a big distributed ?le system). Some of the machines in the cloud hold data, and other machines hold meta-data. When some client requests, for instance, a ?le, the meta-data servers ?rst identify which other machines hold each piece of that ?le. This type of architecture represents the current trend being followed when creating large scale systems. So, in practice, we see that current successful large scale systems are a mix between client-server architectures and peer-to-peer systems, implemented with lots of storage and computational redundancy.
UDP sends packets 'blind' down the network, and relies on upper-layer protocols to form connections and identify errors. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that can give reliabl
For VOIP, first you need to consider the codec to use. Although there are many voice codecs, MyCo wants the safest bet and suggests that you design with the most known and oldest c
Name some common or popular databases Many of the popular databases also provide support of and to the middleware and consequently, the term middleware has become lesser known.
Repeaters - Operate only in physical layer - Connects two segments of the same LAN - Both segments must be of the same protocol - Only forwards frames; does not filter
What is a dedicated server? A network server designated to provide one particular service is known as dedicated server. For example if a computer is assigned for database servi
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Can you Describe IGRP?
What is the difference between TFTP and FTP application layer protocols? Ans) TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol A stripped down version of FTP, easy to use and fast. TFTP
Other than performance issues, there could be security reasons for using something like xinetd. Make simple design in which a new version of xinetd gives a layer of security.
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