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Define outer union operation of the relational algebra. Compute the outer union for the relations R and S given below. Outer Join - If there are any values in one tabl
Differentiate strict two phase locking protocol and rigorous two phase locking protocol. In strict two phase locking protocol all exclusive mode locks taken by a transaction is
Discuss the problem of Spurious tuples and how we may prevent it. Ans: A spurious tuple is, mainly, a record in a database that gets created while two tables are joined bad
(1) Insert into PERSON Violated constraint: - Key constraint Reason: - Primary key 1 already exists in PERSON. Dealing: - DBMS could ask the user to provide valid PER
How nulls are treated in comparison operator? Along with comparison (relational) operators, the null values are ignored as we cannot derive the relation along with the given op
what is Lossless-join decomposition
What are the disadvantages of relational approach? Disadvantages of relational approach: • Substantial hardware and system software overhead • May not fit all business models •
Depending upon the rules we have found, we can classify the locks into two types. Shared Lock: A transaction might be acquiring shared lock on a data item in order to read it
Outer Join: The use of Outer Join is that it still joins those tuples that do not have matching values in common columns are also contained in the result table. Outer join places
Speedup Query Processing: A query that includes data at various sites can be split into sub-queries. These sub- queries can be implemented in parallel by various sites. Such parall
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