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Discuss the problem of Spurious tuples and how we may prevent it.
Ans: A spurious tuple is, mainly, a record in a database that gets created while two tables are joined badly. In database-ese, spurious tuples are formed while two tables are joined on attributes which are neither primary keys nor foreign keys. To prevent spurious tuples, avoid joining relations that consist of matching attributes that are not (foreign key, primary key) combinations as joining on such attributes may generate spurious tuples.
What is meant by heuristic optimisation? Discuss the main heuristics that are applied during query optimisation. Ans: In heuristic optimization, heuristics are employed to r
why shadow copy technique is used?
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Question : (a) Differentiate between database integrity and database security (b) Database security involves measures to avoid loss of privacy and loss of confidentiality. D
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