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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
What is called as an N-way merge? The merge operation is a generalization of the two-way merge used by the standard in-memory sort-merge algorithm. It merges N runs, so it is k
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Concurrency Identification While designing analysis, model we map real world model into our analytical model. Real life objects are simultaneous in nature, but all the design
What will be create when a primary key if combined with a foreign key? A primary key if combined with a foreign key it creates Parent-Child relationship between the tables that
Draw entity relationship diagram for the following scenario. A university has many departments whereas each department belongs to that particular uni. That uni has also many bui
Write short notes on extension and intension? In any data model, it is significant to distinguish among the description of the database and the database itself the description
what should be included in this???
What is Cardinality Ratio? Cardinality Ratios - The cardinality ratios for relationship kinds specifies the maximum number of relationship instances in which an entity can pa
in an organization several projects are undertaken. Each project can employ one or more employees. Each employee can work on one or more projects. Each project is undertaken on the
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