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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
A constraint named less_than_20 was defined on the field date_of_birth of table student. Delete this constraint. ALTER TABLE student DROP CONSTRAINT less_than_20;
Introductory course and so does not require any fancy coding. I will provide a guidance document to help you in producing the solutions.
Define the categories of SQL Statements? 1) Statements that don't return a result set. This statement class includes INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE. 2)Statements that return
Atomicity: It describes a transaction to be a one unit of processing. We can also say either a transaction will be finished completely or not at all. In the transaction example 1
Explain the Query Processing Data Query Processing permits a user to report or analyze structured and unstructured data pulled from multiple data sources.
Explain what is RDBMS ? RDBMS - RDBMS is a database management system (DBMS) which stores data within the form of relations. Relational databases are powerful since they need f
Explain the Deferred Update The deferred update methods do not physically update the database on disk till after a transaction reaches its commit point; after that the updates
Question: (a) What are decision support systems, and what role do they play in the business environment? (b) Data mining is a knowledge discovery process of automated extr
What are domain constraints? A domain is a set of values that might be assigned to an attribute .all values that appear in a column of a relation must be taken from the similar
Design Of Distributed Databases: The distributed databases are mainly relational at local level. So a local database schema is the similar as that of a centralised database design
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