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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
Explain the Weak Entity Set An Entity set which does not have sufficient attribute to make a primay key is known as weak entity set. For instance, dependents of an employee in
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What is assertion? Mention the forms available. An assertion is a predicate expressing a condition that we wish the database always to satisfy. Domain integrity constraints.
Use Delegation to Share Implementation The delegation " Delegation comprises of catching an operation on one object and sending it to other object which is part, or related to
What are the kinds of Strings? -A binary string in MySQL is one that MySQL treats as case sensitive in comparisons. -A non binary string in MySQL is one that MySQL does'nt
Submit the SQL Statements necessary to create your database according to the following guidelines: Your SQL statements should exactly mirror your ERD. All primary keys,
what is er digram given that example of hospital,bank and library er digram.
What is the use of with clause in SQL? The with clause gives a way of defining a temporary view whose explanation is available only to the query in which the with clause occurs
What is a Database? To know what database is, we have to start from data, which is the basic building block of any DBMS. Data: Facts, figures, statistics etc. having no pa
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