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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
What are ways of finding out either an update is required or not for derived attributes? The ways to find out an update is required or, not are as: Explicit update
Problem: (a) Given the following relation: Stats(Name,Sex,Children, Occupation, Salary, Tax, Audits) Write SQL code to define the following security constraints: (i) User
Parallelism of transaction execution: A transaction can be divided into various sub-queries that can operate on fragments in parallel. This enhances the degree of concurrency in t
What is schema
What is Index? An index is a physical structure having pointers to the data. Indices are created in an existing table to locate rows more quickly and efficiently. It is possibl
Define rotational latency time. The time spent waiting for the sector to be accessed to appear under the head is known as the rotational latency time.
what do you mean by consistency in rdbms?
Waterfall model is the linear model. The process is completed by step by step. We couldn't stop in between of the process. Prototype model: after get the model by low cost budget o
Process to find the non-concurrent objects Once we find out non-concurrent (mutually exclusive) objects, we can fold all objects together in one thread of process or control. O
A table joined with itself is called ? A table joined with itself is known as self join table. Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE
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