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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
explain the mapping constraints
Hierarchical
Boyce-Code Normal Form (BCNF) A relationship is said to be in BCNF if it is already in 3NF and the left hand side of each dependency is a candidate key. A relation who is in 3N
multidimensional data model
System Design: An Object Oriented Approach Any software systems always try to change and evolve as technology and business rules evolve. The development of information systems
Explain Candidate key? Candidate Key - A candidate key is a minimal superkey, that can be used to uniquely identify a tuple in the relation.
Give a sample of the Dynamic Model. The sample of dynamic model is given below: Dynamic model for the car: Brake and Accelerator Brake or Applies Accelerator
What are attributes? Give examples. An entity is shown by a set of attributes. Attributes are descriptive properties possessed by every member of an entity set. Example: pos
#questiontypes of keys examples..
Determine the language that needs a user to specify the data to be retrieved with no specifying exactly how to get it is Ans: Non-Procedural DML
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