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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to apply aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
CAN SOMEONE HELP ME WITH ENTITY DIAGRAMS IN FIRST NORMAL FORM?
Explain the two types of participation constraint. 1. Total: The participation of an entity set E in a relationship set R is said to be total if each entity in E participates i
What do you mean by DBMS? What is its need and what are its goals. Explain? OR Explain Data Base Management System? Sol. Database management system is a
What is deadlock? Neither of the transaction can ever proceed with its normal implementation. This situation is known as deadlock.
Compare three clustering algorithms in Weka. For this comparison, you will need to use at least two different datasets. Run the algorithms on the datasets, and use the visual
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
what is inverted and multilist structure
Having clause This clause is used for producing conditions on grouped information. Example: Find maximum salary and department number of those departments where maxim
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