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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
Higher Normal Forms Is there more normal forms beyond BCNF? Yes, though, these normal forms are not based on the concept of functional dependence. More normalisation is needed if
The database application project (DAP) for this assignment consists of the creation of a fully functional Microsoft Access database application for a real client. I recommend you s
. Ashutosh Dubey who is the director of Gyan Gurukul want a three-level schema architecture for the Gyan Gurukul Company that provide better security also design a data abstraction
Define functional and multivalued dependencies. Ans: A functional dependency is a assets of the semantics of the attributes in a relation. The semantics point out how at
Differentiate between a Global and a Local temporary table? - A local temporary table exists only for the duration of a connection or if defined inside a compound statement, fo
Identify the need and use of data control through problem solving, illustration
A relation has: Relational Schema Relation instance Relational Schema: A relational schema shows the relation's name, its attributes and the domain of every a
What are the types of reference?explain it with suitable examples? Object oriented language given the ability to refer the object attribute of the type can be referred to the s
What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?. Predicates in the WHERE clause applies to every tuple while the predicate in the HAVING clause applies to groups.
Consider a relation s over the attributes A and B with the following characteristics: 5,000 tuples with 10 tuples per page A 2-level B+ tree index on attribute
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