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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
What is hash file organization? What are the causes of bucket overflow within a hash file organization? What can be completed to decrease the occurrence of bucket overflow?
One-way Associations If an association is only traversed in single direction, then it is known as one-way association. It is implemented as a pointer or an attribute which con
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assume we have the following apllicationthat model sccer team the games they play and the players inv each teamin the design we want to capture
A database administrator''s responsibilities and data contents
A relation instance indicates as r is a collection of tuples for a given relational schema at a exact point of time. A relation state r of the relation schema R (A 1 ,A 2 ,.....
Describe about Object oriented design Object oriented design is concerned with developing an object oriented model of a software system to implement known requirements. Many OO
Use of partial data by applications : In common, applications work with views rather than whole relations. Thus, it may be more appropriate to work with subsets of relations rather
difference between internal schema and external schema in DBMS
Explain cursors in SQL? Cursors in SQL - An object used to store the output of a query for row-through-row processing through the application programs. Cursors are constructs
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