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Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture.
Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this:
1. Internal view is at the lowest level of abstraction, closest to the physical storage method employed. It points out how the data will be stored and explains the data structures and access methods to be employed by the database. There is one internal view for the whole database.
2. Global or Conceptual View: At this level of abstraction all the database entities and the relationships between them are included. There is one conceptual view for the whole database.
3. External or User View: The external or user view is at the highest level of database abstraction in which just only those portions of the database concern to a user or application programme are involved. Some external or user views may exist for a specified global or conceptual view.
Which operations need the participating relations to be union compatible? A UNION, INTERSECTION and DIFFERENCE operations need the participating relations to be union compatibl
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I need a professional to prepare a database to collect and store basic information. The information can be basic info such as contact details etc. One requirement i have is f
Explain the disadvantages of creating a temporary table? If you have already created a temporary table with a shown name and attempting to create a second one with that nam
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Define NULL value NULL value NULL means something is unknown. It does NOT mean null (the digit 0). Null is as well employed as attribute value for a particular entity in which
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Objectives After reading this part, you should be able to: Modify, create, and delete database schema objects; Update database using SQL command; Retrieve data f
What is OLAP? OnLine Analytical Processing (OLAP) is a Business Intelligence (BI) reporting system. OLAP gives the user with the capability to sum, count, average and do other
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