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Question:
a) Discuss the concept of data independence, explaining its importance in a database environment.
b) To address the issue of data independence, the ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of this model. Make use of a diagram in your discussion.
c) The term integrity refers to the accuracy or correctness of the data in the database. Define the following terms:
(i) Domain Integrity (ii) Entity Integrity (iii) Referential Integrity
Describe briefly models which define the operations on classes. The three models which are used to define operations on classes are as: Object Model = data dictionary + Obje
What are the uses of ODBC? Under what circumstances we use this technology? ODBC expose database capabilities within a standardized way to the application programmer by an ap
Describe Dynamic Model. The dynamic model specifies allowable sequences of changes to the objects from an object model. It contains event trace diagrams describing scenarios. A
What is the aim of object design The aim of object design is to identify object which the system contains and the interactions among them. The system implements specification
With the help of an example display how records can be deleted and updated in QBE. (i) Increase Pay_Rate of employees along with the skill of ‘cook' by 10%. (ii) Delete employee
The Maximum no of key fields that can be used in a header is?? 50
Compare the two log-based recovery schemes in terms of ease of implementation and overhead cost. Ans: There are two types of log based recovery techniques: deferred update
Normalization :It is a process of examine the given relation schemas based on their primary key and Functional Dependencies (FDs) to achieve the properties Minimizing redun
This project requires you to create a database design. Your design will be documented in a set of Entity-Relationship diagrams. Draw a set of Entity-Relationship diagrams to mode
Sub query in the UPDATE command : Example : //Double the commission for employees, who have got at least 2 increments. UPDATE EMP SET COMM = COMM * 2 WHERE
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