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Question:
a) Discuss the concept of data independence, explaining its importance in a database environment.
b) To address the issue of data independence, the ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of this model. Make use of a diagram in your discussion.
c) The term integrity refers to the accuracy or correctness of the data in the database. Define the following terms:
(i) Domain Integrity (ii) Entity Integrity (iii) Referential Integrity
What are composite attributes? Composite attributes can be separated in to sub parts.
These are designed to reduce the effects of a database failure and make sure a database is restored to a consistent state if a failure does arise. Manual backup/restore utilities n
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Express the properties of Strings? Strings can be case sensitive (or not) which can change the outcome of string operations. You can evaluate whole strings \ just part
The advantages of a database management system (DBMS) include :- Data integrity and elimination of duplication.
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
Consider the subsequent relation schemes: Project (Project#, Project_name, chief_architect) Employee (Emp#, Empname) Assigned_To (Project#, Emp#) Give expression i
Describe Hashing in DBMS? Hashing: Hashing is a technique to store data within an array so which storing, searching, inserting and deleting data is fast (in theory it's O(1))
what is object-identity
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