Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Discuss in detail about pulse broadening in graded index waveguide ?
Intermodal dispersion within multimode fibers is minimized along with the use of graded index fibers, therefore multimode graded index fibres displays substantial bandwidth improvement over multimode step index fibers. Let we consider the index profile of graded index fiber as:
n(r) = n1[1-2?(r/a)2] ; r < a (core) = n1[1-2?] =n2 ; r ≥ a (cladding)
This is a parabolic profile. The refractive index is such in which the local group velocity is inversely proportional to the local refractive index. Therefore there is an equalization of transmission time of the axial ray that travels exclusively within the high refractive index region at the core axis and at the slowest speed. Therefore there is a decreased delay difference among the fastest and slowest modes for this graded index fiber. The delay difference is given through:
∂ Tg = {Ln1?2}/{2c}
Therefore more rigorous analysis using electromagnetic mode theory given an absolute temporal width at the fiber output as:
∂ Tg = {Ln1?2}/{8c}
The variation of intermodal pulse broadening along with features index profile is displays below:
The curve displays a sharp minimum at a features refractive index profile slightly less than 2 (α = 1.98). This corresponds to the optimum value of α within order to minimize intermodal dispersion. Moreover the extreme sensitivity of the intermodal pulse broadening to slight many in α from this optimum value is evident.
The major factor for dispersion in graded index fiber is Intramodal dispersion mechanisms like as material dispersion and waveguide dispersion. The material dispersion is due to spectral width of the optical source and waveguide dispersion is because of change in group velocity of the optical source. A pulse broadening of around 0.08 and 1 ns/km is given along with injection laser and LED correspondingly.
Problem: a) Explain types of "Addressing Modes". b) What is the difference between "Rotate" and "Swap" Operations? c) A computer spends a lot of time in moving data from
Research and recommend a sensor for a real full size conveyor system of approximately 1000mm width to detect objects of varying size passing along it. Discuss the suitability of th
What are flip flop circuits in digital electronics? Discuss race around condition in J-K Flip Flop
RST Restart Instructions Restart instructions are one byte call instructions. Called location for each restart instruction is predefined on page 0 ( read only memory). They
Q. Explain Demodulation of DSB? Demodulation of DSB SC AM signals requires a synchronous demodulator, which is also known as coherent or synchronous detector. That is, the demo
ant colony algorithm for unit generation
Consider a source of voltage v(t) = 10 √2 sin 2t V, with an internal resistance of 1800 Ω. A transformer that can be considered ideal is used to couple a 50- resistive load to th
Q. Why a common collector amplifier is called an emitter follower? When the input voltage goes through its positive half cycle, the output voltage is also seen to go th
Peak inverse Voltage Peak inverse voltage is important parameter in the design of rectifier circuit. PIV is the maximum voltage that appears across the device during its
12. A capacitor is to be constructed so that its capacitance is 0.2µF and to take a p.d. of 1.25kV across its terminals. The dielectric is to be mica which, after allowing a safety
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +1-415-670-9521
Phone: +1-415-670-9521
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd