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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Example of add verb: (a) ADD A TO B. This illustration represents that the value of A will be added to the value of B and the result will be stored in B. The alignment of
Block Size: The normal practice is to group a number of consecutive records to form that is termed as a block or a physical record. The number of records in a block is frequen
READ STATEMENT: The aim of this verb is to make available the next logical record from the input file. It is important to note the meaning of the "next" logical record in the
what does it used
Illustration of Divide verb: (a) DIVIDE 5 INTO A. If the value of A is 20, then after execution of this statement the value of A will be 4. The older value of A will be los
OPEN STATEMENT: Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With
single program how may when statement has used
START STATEMENT: The START statement places the files to the initial logical record whose record key satisfies the condition specified by the KEY phrase. The access mode shoul
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
MOVE CORRESPONDING: It is frequently required to move some of the data items of one group to some other data items in the other group. If the names of the equivalent data item
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