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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
/ (Slash Insertion): The edit character slash (/) also termed as virgule or stroke, may appear anyplace in the picture. When used, it will be inserted. More than one slash can
Can we declare a redefine clause as below? A Redefines B, PIC X(4)
Sign - Picture clause: The numeric data item can be signed or unsigned. If a numeric data is regarded as unsigned then during the execution these unsigned data items are treat
DIVIDE VERB: The aim of the DIVIDE verb is to divide one number by the other and to store the result. There are few forms of this verb. One of its forms is as shown below:
Illustration of Subtract verb: (a) SUBTRACT A FROM B. This illustration means that the value of A will be subtracted from the value of B and the subtracted result will be s
Rules for constructing an Arithmetic Expression: The rules for constructing an arithmetic expression are as shown below: (i) When an arithmetic expression specifies a calcu
FD Entry for variable-length Records: The RECORDS CONTAINS and BLOCK CONTAINS clause are quite dissimilar in the case of files with variable- length records. The syntax of the
Group Item as Operand in the Relational Condition: Whenever an operand of a relational condition is the group item, the item is then considered to be an alphanumeric field. Th
OCCURS CLAUSE - PROGRAM: We have to write a program to elaborate occurs clause. Get names and marks of the students and show them on the screen. identification division.
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