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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
REDEFINES CLAUSE: At times it may be found that two or more storage regions defined in the DATA DIVISION are not in use concurrently. In such situations only one storage regio
IF STATEMENT: The easiest form of the IF statement is IF condition-1 statement-1 where the condition-1 may be any one from the shown below. When the condition-1
Valid and Invalid Word - Cobol words: Valid Word Invalid Word & Reason emp-sal -pay ( it starts with a hyphen) TOTAL MARK (blank space em
PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE SORT VERB: The file for which a record having 2 fields, viz., Account Number and Name is already available. Sort the file based on the ascending order o
Group Item as Operand in the Relational Condition: Whenever an operand of a relational condition is the group item, the item is then considered to be an alphanumeric field. Th
WRITE Statement: The WRITE statement for a relative file has the format which is as shown below. WRITE record-name [ FORM identifier ]
What is the difference b/w index and subscript? Subscript indicates to the array occurrence whereas index is the displacement (in no of bytes) from the beginning of the array.
LABEL RECORD CLAUSE: This clause specifies whether or not the standard header and trailer labels must be present in the magnetic-tape files. VALUE OF CLAUSE: The VAL
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
Example of add verb: (a) ADD A TO B. This illustration represents that the value of A will be added to the value of B and the result will be stored in B. The alignment of
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