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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Example of read statement: Illustration: READ OLD-MASTER AT END MOVE ZERO TO END-OF-RECORDS. As a result of this statement, generally the next record from the OLD-MAST
PROGRAM TO FIND INTEREST ON BANK DEPOSITS: We have to write a program to find interest on deposits. The criteria is given below : identification division. program-
SEARCH VERB: The SEARCH verb is used to position elements in one-dimensional tables. Let us consider the following problem. Assume that each element of a table consists of thr
DECLARATIVE and FILE STATUS Clause: The input-output exception condition in the situation of a direct access files can be handled by a declarative procedure in a manner simila
Can we declare a redefine clause as below? A Redefines B, PIC X(4)
MERGE VERB WITH OUTPUT PROCEDURE: Like the sort verb, the merge verb can also have an output procedure. The syntax of the MERGE verb is as shown below: The r
PROGRAM FOR CONDITION NAMES: We have to write a simple program to demonstrate Condition names usage. identification division. program- id. environment division.
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
WRITE Statement: The WRITE statement for a relative file has the format which is as shown below. WRITE record-name [ FORM identifier ]
Literals: The actual values can too appear in a program. These values are termed as literals. For illustration, the statement MOVE 0 TO TOTAL indicates that the value zero wil
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