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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
SPECIAL-NAMES: This paragraph is used to associate some hardware names to the user-specified mnemonic names. This paragraph is elective in all compilers. The format of this pa
Illustration of if- else statement: IF OK-BALANCE NEXT SENTENCE ELSE MOVE 2 BALANCE-CODE In this illustration, the OK-BALANCE is a condition name. No action is specific if
FILE-CONTROL ENTRIES FOR THE SEQUENTIAL FILES: The characteristics of each and every files handled in a program are specified in the ENVIRONMENT DIVISION and DATA DIVISION.
Plus Sign - edit characters for numeric data: + (Plus Sign) : A plus sign is alike to minus sign except that when the item is positive, +sign will be inserted rather th
Structure of a COBOL Program: Every COBOL program should have the 4 divisions in the order in which they are specified below: 1. Identification division 2. Environment D
PERFORM WITH TIMES OPTION: The format of a PERFORM TIMES statement is as shown below: Illustration: A) Perform the para-2 5 times. In this situation the specifie
ACCEPT STATEMENT: The ACCEPT statement is used to read the low-volume data from the operator's console, several other hardware device or from the operating system. The common
Label Records / Disk Directory: The most important information stored in the header label is what is termed as the file title. In the situation of magnetic-disk files the labe
WRITE statement: The WRITE statement for tape and sequential-disk files has the syntax shown below. WRITE record-name [ FROM identifier ] As a resu
Data Division: The Data Division is a part of the COBOL program where every data item processed by the program is described. It is very important to note that unless a data
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