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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Data Division: The Data Division is a part of the COBOL program where every data item processed by the program is described. It is very important to note that unless a data
Size: The number of characters or digits needed to store the data item in the memory in termed as the Size of the data item. All the 4 general characteristics explained can
CLOSE STATEMENT: When the processing of a file is completed, then the file may be closed. This is completed with the help of the CLOSE-verb. The form of the CLOSE statement is
GO TO, STOP RUN: The GO TO verb is used to completely transfer the control to elsewhere in the program. Its form is as shown below: GO TO procedure-name As a result o
Configuration Section: This section holds an overall specification of the computer used for the purpose of the compilation and execution of the program. There are in all 3 par
Example of File-control: The assign clause assigns a specific physical peripheral device name to a file. The physical peripheral device are machine-dependent. We use the devic
bal majduri ik kanuni apradh hai is de bavjud bache ,ghra,hotla,road, kam karn lai majbur han bacheya te mapeya nu parhai val prerit karn lai ik bashan teyar kro
Example of Perform statement: PERFORM BEGIN-CALCULATION THRU END-CALCULATION. Assume, BEGIN-CALCULATION and END-CALCULTION is paragraph names. The execution of the PERFORM
OCCURS CLAUSE - PROGRAM: We have to write a program to demonstrate the occurs clause. Get names of the students and show them on the screen. identification division.
WRITE STATEMENT: The records are written to be logical place as determined from the value of the record key. The INVALID KEY condition occurs in the cases shown below: (i)
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