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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Illustration of indexed tables: Index items defined through the INDEXED phrase of the OCCURS clause are one type of indexes. There can be other type of index items that are de
PROGRAM FOR ELECTRICITY BILL: An electricity company supplies electricity to 4 types of customers coded 1, 2, 3 & 4.The rate schedule for customers is shown in one table as
RULES FOR OCCURS CLAUSE: The rules apply for the OCCURS clause and the subscripts are as shown below. (1) The integer in the OCCURS clause should be a positive integer.
Transaction file : A transaction file is a file which contains new records those changes to old records which are used to update the master file. The problem of file updatio
SEQUENTIAL FILES: The purpose of the proposed section is to introduce the concepts such as File characteristics, File Description for Fixed-Length Records, File-Control
COBOL Words: The COBOL word can be formed by using the characters as shown below: 0-9 A-Z (a-z) - (hyphen) The rules below should be hold in forming the COBOL words.
We have input file, record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input f
PROGRAM FOR MULTIPLY VERB: We have to write a simple program to elaborate MULTIPLY verb. You can also use the edit characters in the program. Identification division. Pr
ARITHMETIC VERBS: Most of the problems need some computations to be performed on the input or intermediate data that are numeric in nature. The Arithmetic verbs are used to pe
Introduction to MOVE Verb: The aim of this section is to introduce the learner how to move data from one place to the other place in the memory. This is completed with the help
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