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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Buffers: The Modern computers are able of handling I-O operations independent of the CPU by means of the hardware termed as data channel. For illustration, if two buffers a
Example of read statement: Illustration: READ OLD-MASTER AT END MOVE ZERO TO END-OF-RECORDS. As a result of this statement, generally the next record from the OLD-MAST
CONDITION - COBOL Programming: The condition is an entity which at one point of time can have only one of the two values - true or false. As we already know that, the IF verb
PROGRAM FOR INVENTORY We have to write a program to update the inventory file. Consider 2 files,viz, invfile an tranfile. Invfile has 3 fields pno,name,qty. Tranfile has 3 fil
CR and DB (Credit and Debit Sign): The two characters that is CR or DB symbol may appear only at the rightmost place of the picture. They are similar to the minus sign edit ch
WRITE Statement: The WRITE statement for a relative file has the format which is as shown below. WRITE record-name [ FORM identifier ]
single program how may when statement has used
Example of Perform statement: PERFORM BEGIN-CALCULATION THRU END-CALCULATION. Assume, BEGIN-CALCULATION and END-CALCULTION is paragraph names. The execution of the PERFORM
FILE DESCRIPTION- FIXED-LENGTH RECORDS: The normal characteristics of a file are explained in the file description (FD) entry of the DATA DIVISION.
Configuration Section: This section holds an overall specification of the computer used for the purpose of the compilation and execution of the program. There are in all 3 par
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