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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Occurs Clause: Let us establish tables with the help of an illustration. Assume that there are ten different types of income-tax rates that are read from some input medium and
COBOL Words: The COBOL word can be formed by using the characters as shown below: 0-9 A-Z (a-z) - (hyphen) The rules below should be hold in forming the COBOL words.
Minus sign - edit characters for numeric data: The minus sign can appear either at the leftmost or rightmost location of the picture. If an item is negative, a minus sign will
PROGRAM FOR SCREEN SECTION: identification division. program- id. environment division. data division. working-storage section. 01 a pic 9(2) value
Example of File-control: The assign clause assigns a specific physical peripheral device name to a file. The physical peripheral device are machine-dependent. We use the devic
Illustration of indexed tables: Index items defined through the INDEXED phrase of the OCCURS clause are one type of indexes. There can be other type of index items that are de
Record Description for the Variable-length Records: When the variable- length records consists of records of various lengths, each record type is to be explained at level 01 f
OPEN STATEMENT: Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With
SIGN CONDITION: The sign condition establishes whether or not the algebraic value of an operand is negative, positive or zero. The operand can be either the numeric identif
PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE MERGE VERB: The two files for which a record having 2 fields viz. Account Number and Name are already available. Now Merge these two files and create a
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