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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Group Item as Operand in the Relational Condition: Whenever an operand of a relational condition is the group item, the item is then considered to be an alphanumeric field. Th
IF ... ELSE STATEMENT: We are familiar with an easy form of the IF statement. The common form of the IF statement is as shown below: Each of the statement-1 and statem
Record Description for the Variable-length Records: When the variable- length records consists of records of various lengths, each record type is to be explained at level 01 f
FILE-CONTROL ENTRIES FOR THE SEQUENTIAL FILES: The characteristics of each and every files handled in a program are specified in the ENVIRONMENT DIVISION and DATA DIVISION.
SPECIAL-NAMES: This paragraph is used to associate some hardware names to the user-specified mnemonic names. This paragraph is elective in all compilers. The format of this pa
PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the indexed files: All the statements which are available for a relative file are also available for an indexed file. READ STTATEMENT :
Data Names and Identifiers: The Data name provides reference to the storage space in the memory where the real value is stored. This value takes part in the operation whene
READ STATEMENT: The aim of this verb is to make available the next logical record from the input file. It is important to note the meaning of the "next" logical record in the
Rules for constructing an Arithmetic Expression: The rules for constructing an arithmetic expression are as shown below: (i) When an arithmetic expression specifies a calcu
Block Size: The normal practice is to group a number of consecutive records to form that is termed as a block or a physical record. The number of records in a block is frequen
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