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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
UPDATING OF THE RELATIVE AND INDEXED FILES: The Sequential files are updated by creating a new master file from an existing old master file and a transaction file. Such an Upda
NONSTANDARD CLAUSES: The various clauses explained above are as per the ANSI standard. Also, most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to meet the specific nec
ADD VERB: The ADD Verb can be used to find the sum of two or more numbers and to store the sum. The ADD verb takes any one of the two forms as shown below:
OPEN statement: We know that the processing of a file should start with the execution of an OPEN statement. The file can be opened in any one of the 4 open modes - INPUT, OUTP
REWRITE STATEMENT: The REWRITE statement has the format for a relative file as shown below, REWRITE record-name [ FORM identifier ]
Evaluate is like a case statement & Evaluate stamenet can be used to replace nested Ifs. The difference b/w EVALUATE and case is that there is no 'break' is required for EVALUATE
STATEMENTS FOR SEQUENTIAL FILES: A basic operation on a file includes the reading and writing of its records. Whenever the file is sequential, there are three verbs for the
B (Blank Insertion) : The occurrence of a B anyplace in the picture will insert a space character in the edited data. There can be more than one B in the picture. Examples:
MOVE CORRESPONDING: It is frequently required to move some of the data items of one group to some other data items in the other group. If the names of the equivalent data item
PROGRAM FOR COMPUTE VERB: We have to write an easy program to elaborate the COMPUTE verb. Identification division. Program- id. compverb. Environment division. Da
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