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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Sign - Picture clause: The numeric data item can be signed or unsigned. If a numeric data is regarded as unsigned then during the execution these unsigned data items are treat
REWRITE statement: The REWRITE statement is used to update the existing record in a disk file. The normal format is as shown below: REWRIE record-name [ FROM ide
SEQUENTIAL FILE CREATION AND REWRITING: We have to write a program to create a student file with just two fields: sno i.e. Student Number and same i.e. Student Name. Add a few
PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files: The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the re
Example of Redefines clause: This illustration describes a sales record that may either contain the total amount of sale or the quantity (QTY) and UNIT-PRICE. The aim of such
RULES OF MOVE VERB: The Data movement is managed by the rules which are as shown below: (a) The contents of the identifier - 1 or the value of the literal - 1 is moved to
What is the difference b/w index and subscript? Subscript indicates to the array occurrence whereas index is the displacement (in no of bytes) from the beginning of the array.
Example of condition names: The illustration below is of the use of the condition names 77 MARITAL-STATUS PIC 9 88 SINGLE VALUE IS ZERO 88 MA
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
Example of Sign condition: The illustration below describes the use of the sign condition. Illustration: 77 BALANCE PIC S9 (6) V99. . . I
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