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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Example of If- else statement Illustration: IF QUANTITY IS NUMERIC AND QUANTITY IS POSITIVE MOVE ZERO TO ERROR-CODE. COMPUTE SALES VALUE=QUANTITY*RATE
we have input file ,record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input file
Illustration of nested if statement: Consider the nested sentence which is as shown below: The IF-ELSE pairs in this sentence can be detected by applying the rule whic
The LENDER Bank offers mortgages on homes valued up to $500,000. The required down payment is calculated as follows: 4% of the first $60,000 borrowed 8% of the next $30,000 borro
MULTIPLY VERB: The Multiply Verb causes one or more multiplicands to be multiplied by the multiplier and to store the products. The form of the MULTIPLY verb is as shown be
Valid and Invalid Word - Cobol words: Valid Word Invalid Word & Reason emp-sal -pay ( it starts with a hyphen) TOTAL MARK (blank space em
Illustration of Renames clause: In the illustration, PAT-OTHER-THAN-BASIC will become a fresh group consisting of DEARNESS-ALLOWANCE, HOUSE-RENT & MTHLY-INCENTIVE. Keep in min
Edit Characters for Numeric Data: The characters below can be used in the PICTURE clause to indicate the editing. Z * $ - + CR DB . , B O /
Example of Level numbers - cobol programming: To explain the hierarchical structure introduced above, the concept of the level number is employed in COBOL. The most broad
, (Comma) : A comma, whenever used in a picture, is considered as an insertion character and inserted wherever it become visible. There can be more than one comma in the pictu
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