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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
PERFORM WITH VARYING OPTION: The format is as shown below:
RULES FOR INDEXED TABLES: The rules of indexing a table with an INDEXED phrase are as shown below: (1) If indexing is completed for any one level of a table, then indexing
READ STATEMENTS: The common format for the read statements is as shown bellow. Format 1: READ file-name RECORD [ INTO identifier ] [ ; AT END imperative-s
PROGRAM FOR PERFORM ...UNTIL We have to write a program to find the sum of "n" natural numbers. Identification division. Program- id. PerfUntil. Environment division.
Example of Sign condition: The illustration below describes the use of the sign condition. Illustration: 77 BALANCE PIC S9 (6) V99. . . I
Comparison of Nonnumeric Operands: A nonnumeric operand can be compared to the other nonnumeric operand according to the rules as shown below: (i) Fields of Equal Sizes:
NONSTANDARD CLAUSES: The various clauses explained above are as per the ANSI standard. Also, most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to meet the specific nec
Literals: The actual values can too appear in a program. These values are termed as literals. For illustration, the statement MOVE 0 TO TOTAL indicates that the value zero wil
INPUT AND OUTPUT PROCEDURE IN SORT STATEMENT: The common format of the SORT statement can write as shown below: The format of the RELEASE statement is as shown be
WRITE STATEMENT: The WRITE Statement verb releases a record in an output file. The syntax for the WRITE statement can be unlike depending on the output device and the medium us
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