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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
Column and Field in COBOL program: In COBOL there are 2 types of entries termed as margin A and margin B entries. The Margin A entries start from the column 8, 9, 10 or 11 and
ACCEPT STATEMENT: The ACCEPT statement is used to read the low-volume data from the operator's console, several other hardware device or from the operating system. The common
Illustration of nested if statement: Consider the nested sentence which is as shown below: The IF-ELSE pairs in this sentence can be detected by applying the rule whic
INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILES: In the indexed sequential files which are also known as indexed files, the records are stored in the sequence order generally in ascending order. In
READ STATEMENT: The aim of this verb is to make available the next logical record from the input file. It is important to note the meaning of the "next" logical record in the
Example of constructing an arithmetic expression: An arithmetic expression may be proceeded by a + or - sign. These operations are known as unary + or unary - operators. Il
Example of Class condition: Let the BASIC-PAY be a data name in the card record defined with picture 9(5) V99. By reading the card we can test the value of the BASIC-PAY to ma
ON SIZE ERROR OPTION: Whenever a size error occurs, the contents of the result field after the operation is unpredictable. Though, the processing is not-terminated and the co
PROGRAM FOR INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILE CREATION (RANDOM MODE): We have to write a program to create an Indexed Sequential File in random mode for Student particulars. Suppose jus
File- Section &Working-Storage Section: a) FILE SECTION: The FILE SECTION includes the explanation of all data items that must be read from or written onto some external
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