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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
RENAMES CLAUSE: At times re-grouping of an elementary data items in a record may be essential so that they can belong to the original as well as to the latest group. This is o
READ STATEMENT: The aim of this verb is to make available the next logical record from the input file. It is important to note the meaning of the "next" logical record in the
Numeric - Literals : The numeric literal can be created with the help of digits only. It can have a sign (+ or -) and can also have a decimal point. If no sign is specifi
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
File- Section &Working-Storage Section: a) FILE SECTION: The FILE SECTION includes the explanation of all data items that must be read from or written onto some external
DIVIDE VERB: The aim of the DIVIDE verb is to divide one number by the other and to store the result. There are few forms of this verb. One of its forms is as shown below:
ON SIZE ERROR OPTION: Whenever a size error occurs, the contents of the result field after the operation is unpredictable. Though, the processing is not-terminated and the co
PERFORM STATEMENT: The PERFORM statement can be used to execute the group of consecutive statements written elsewhere in the program. We refer to this group of statements a
THE SIMPLE SORT VERB: The process of sequencing the records in some preferred manner is termed as sorting. The Sorting is done upon some key data item in the record. For illus
Data types available in COBOL are given below Alpha-numeric (X), numeric (9), alphabetic (A)
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