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Direct Organization:
Besides the relative or indexed organization, also a direct access file can be designed to have what is termed as direct organization. In this organization, the data records are stored or "accessed" by using a scheme of converting the record into the disk address to which the record is placed. Therefore, no index table as in the case of an indexed file is essential.
File- Section &Working-Storage Section: a) FILE SECTION: The FILE SECTION includes the explanation of all data items that must be read from or written onto some external
Example of Open statement: Illustration: The OPEN INPUT TRANSACTION, OLD-MASTER OUTPUT NEW-MASTER. The illustration represents that there are two input files named the
UPDATING OF THE RELATIVE AND INDEXED FILES: The Sequential files are updated by creating a new master file from an existing old master file and a transaction file. Such an Upda
Identification Division: The Identification Division is the first division of each and every COBOL source program. The paragraph PROGRAM-ID is necessary in most of the mac
CLOSE STATEMENT: When the processing of a file is completed, then the file may be closed. This is completed with the help of the CLOSE-verb. The form of the CLOSE statement is
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
CLOSE statement: The simplified syntax of the CLOSE statement is as shown below: CLOSE file-name-1 [WITH LOCK ] [ , file-
DISPLAY STATEMENT: The function of the DISPLAY statement is just opposite to that of the ACCEPT statement. It is used to display the low-volume results on the operator's co
GO TO, STOP RUN: The GO TO verb is used to completely transfer the control to elsewhere in the program. Its form is as shown below: GO TO procedure-name As a result o
File Description for the Relative and Indexed Files: The FD entry for a relative or an indexed file is similar to that of a sequential file. Some compilers do not permit varia
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