STOMACH

1. It is wide, J-shaped, placed obliquely on left side in upper abdominal cavity so left kidney is slightly down ward.
2. It is 30 cm, long and 15 cm. wide.
3. It has greater curvature on lower side and lesser curvature on upper side.
4. Stomach is differentiated into 3 parts -

         Cardiac - Towards oesophagus.     Fundic - Middle main part.         Pyloric - Towards duodenum.

1. Between oesophagus and cardiac stomach, cardiac valve or cardia present.
2. Between pyloric stomach and duodenum, pyloric valve or pylorus present.
3. Both valves do not allow regurgitation i.e. back flow of food to buccal cavity.
4. In histology of stomach serosa, musculature, sub mucosa & mucosa present.
5. Serosa is outer layer made up of fibres and peritonium.
6. In musles longitudianl, circular and oblique muscles present.
7. In sub mucosa, muscularis mucosa present differentiated into outer longidutinal and inner circular muscles.
8. Sub mucosa also consits of mast cells, fibroblast and histocytes.
9. Mucosa forms folds as rugae that is converted into gestric glands.
10. Open into lumen by gastric pits. In each gland body and neck 2 parts and clear.
11. Goblet cells present in neck only to secrete mucous.
12. Body is made up of chief cells or zymogenic cells to secrete enzymes.
13. In body few oxyntic cells or pariatal cells present to secrete HCl.
14. Argentoflin cells are also noted, perhaps endocrine in nature.
15. In Ruminent (cattle, goat, sheep, camel) Compound stomach present having Rumen. (largest pouch), reticulum (honey comb), omassum, (absent in camel & deer) and abomasum.