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Differentiate sub-class and super-class?
The specialization of a class is known as subclasses.eg: employee is a subclass of person and teller is a subclass of employee. Conversely, employee is a super class of teller, and person is a super class of employee.
Write short notes on relational constraints? Relational Constraints are: 1. NOT NULL 2. Unique 3. Primary key 4. Foreign key 5. Table check
what problems are raised by the database? why is it so controversial? why is data quality an issue?
Differentiate between join and outer join? Outer joins return all rows from at least one of the tables or views mentioned within the FROM clause, as long as those rows get toge
Object-based Models: Use objects as key data representation components . Examples:- Entity-Relationship Model: It is a collection of real world objects known as entitie
Explain Alternate key? Alternate Key - All the candidate keys except primary key are known as alternate keys.
The basic merits of decomposition. The Advantages of Decomposition 1. Separate person can work on each subsystem. 2. A particular software engineer can specialize in a
BCNF Boyce-Codd Normal Form A relation schema R is in BCNF if it is in 3NF and accepts an additional constraint that for every FD X A, X has to be a candidate key. If a relati
Lack of Redundancy We have talked about the problems of repetition of information in a database. Such repetition should be stay away as much as possible. Let us state once again t
write-set(T): Each data items that are written by a transaction T
The Concurrent Transactions Almost every commercial DBMS support multi-user environment. Therefore, allowing multiple transactions to proceed concurrently. The DBMS must make
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