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List any two significant differences between a file processing system and a DBMS. File Processing System vs. DBMS
Data Independence - Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to modify the schema at the further level. In file processing systems the data and applications are commonly interdependent, but DBMS gives the feature of data independence.
Data Redundancy - Data redundancy means needless duplication of data. In file processing systems there is redundancy of data, but in DBMS we can decrease data redundancy through means of normalization procedure without affecting the original data. If we do so in file processing system, it becomes too complex.
Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema. Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest level of abs
Introduction In large projects, we can have many different companies working together. Generally, the project or contract is awarded to one company (Principal Contractor), which
Determine the Derived attribute to avoid re-computation Each class box consists of an ordered list of attributes and operations, each represented as a next string. We can find
What is System R? What are its two major subsystems? System R was intended and developed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Center. It is a prototype and its pur
Which is a valid SQL type? A valid SQL Should be in CHARACTER it is should be NUMERIC and FLOAT.
Critically explained the benefits and limitations of different database technologies with proper examples
What is object containment? References among objects can be used to model dissimilar real-world concepts.
" Wound-wait" scheme : It is based on a preemptive method. It is based on a simple rule: If Ti requests a database resource that is held by Tj
Describe the static hash file with buckets and chaining and show how insertion, deletion and modification of a record can be performed. In static hash file organization, the wo
Compare the Nested-loop join and block-nested loop join Ans: Nested loop join - It is costly as worst case cost, no. of block accesses needed is n r * b s + b r where b
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