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Differance between procedural and non procedural DML?
Procedural and non procedural DML Procedural DML exactly what data is require and how to obtain those data. Non procedural DML specify what data is required without specifying how to obtain those data.
Describe the four main ways of optimising disk block access. Ans: a. Disk b. Non-volatile writes buffers c. File organization (Clustering) d. Log-based file system
What is assertion? Mention the forms available. An assertion is a predicate expressing a condition that we wish the database always to satisfy. Domain integrity constraints.
What are the different kinds of database end users? Discuss the major activities of each? End-Users - End-users are the people whose jobs need access to the database for que
Write short notes on tuple relational calculus. The tuple relational calculation is anon procedural query language. It defines the desired information without giving a particul
Question 1 List and explain various Normal Forms. How BCNF differs from the Third Normal Form and 4th Normal forms? Question 2 Describe the concepts of Structural Semantic Da
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
What is an object ID? Each class-derived table has an ID for primary key, one or more object IDs form primary key for association derived tables. An object ID is equivalent dat
What are the properties in a relation ? In a relation Ordering of rows is immaterial and No two rows are identical.
Question: (a) List four disadvantages of the File Processing System as compared to the Database Systems. (b) The integrity of a database is enforced by integrity rules. One
What is conceptual schema? The schemas at the view level are known as subschema that describe dissimilar views of the database.
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