Question:

(a) Briefly describe the five steps in the development of an environmental management system.

(b) The environmental policy instruments have so far focused on the command and control approach. There is a need to diversify and adopt policy tools that provide more flexibility, reduce costs of enforcement and stimulate innovation. Effective implementation of this new policy will be supported by some instruments. Describe the instruments which will ensure effective implementation of this new policy.

(c) Discuss on the advantages of an effective ISO 14000

(d) State the seven items that should be covered in an EMS audit procedure.