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The vascular tone increases as the arterial size decreases. The tone at any time reflects the effects of excitory and inhibitory pathways. Neurotransmitters, physical forces like shear stress, intravascular pressure, metabolites and milleu of the surrounding tissue can all affect the vascular tone. Arterial segments where the endothelium is absent can also respond to stretch-the so-called intrinsic myogenic tone. The endothelium is an important modulator of tone. It can produce, release, activate many vasoactive factors like NO (nitric oxide), prostacyclin and thromboxane. Cholinergic stimulation releases an Endothelium derived relaxation factor (EDRF) shown to be NO. Endothelial denudation abolishes the vasodilatory effect of acetylcholine.
There are chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies which sense a rise in PCO2 (hypercapnia) and fall in O2 saturation (hypoxia) and changes in pH. Appropriate stimuli are sent to the medullary centers. Vasomotor control is also exercised by higher centres in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus which send impulses to the medullary centres. Local tissue mechanisms also affect local vasoconstriction and vasodilatation.
Why is the human placenta referred to as haemochorial type? Name the hormone it secretes to facilitate parturition.
What is reverse osmosis? Give its one application. Which two heart sounds are heard through the stethoscope when placed on the chest? When are these sounds produced respectivel
Name a few foods which are best blanched? Yes, green beans, carrots, okra, turnip and cabbage should always be blanched. On the other hand, blanching is not needed for onions,
what are the functions of cytoplasm ?
What are some human diseases caused by virus and what are their respective modes of transmission? The main viral diseases transmitted by respiratory secretions (cough, sneezes)
What is the epidemiological association between hemophilia and HIV infection? As hemophilic patients need frequent transfusions of clotting factors (VIII or IX) they are more s
AGA R - AGAR It is cell wall mucopolysaccharide of some red algae (e.g. Gelidium, Gelidiella, Gracillaria). Agar is used as culture medium, thickener, stabilizer and as lax
Q. Indicating the name and respective ploidy of each involved cell how can the formation of egg cells from germ cells be described? The formation of egg cells begins with a ger
what are fats
Weaning the Infant from the Incubator When heater output reading is minimal or nil it suggest that infant is capable of generating enough metabolic heat to keep himself war
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