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The vascular tone increases as the arterial size decreases. The tone at any time reflects the effects of excitory and inhibitory pathways. Neurotransmitters, physical forces like shear stress, intravascular pressure, metabolites and milleu of the surrounding tissue can all affect the vascular tone. Arterial segments where the endothelium is absent can also respond to stretch-the so-called intrinsic myogenic tone. The endothelium is an important modulator of tone. It can produce, release, activate many vasoactive factors like NO (nitric oxide), prostacyclin and thromboxane. Cholinergic stimulation releases an Endothelium derived relaxation factor (EDRF) shown to be NO. Endothelial denudation abolishes the vasodilatory effect of acetylcholine.
There are chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies which sense a rise in PCO2 (hypercapnia) and fall in O2 saturation (hypoxia) and changes in pH. Appropriate stimuli are sent to the medullary centers. Vasomotor control is also exercised by higher centres in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus which send impulses to the medullary centres. Local tissue mechanisms also affect local vasoconstriction and vasodilatation.
Could any of the following features be useful in a gateway vector; (i) Origin of replication (ii) multiple cloning site (iii) blue/white selection (iv) M13 forward and rev
What is polymorphism
The effect of natural selection on colonies or population favouring one group in preference to other may be referred to as group selection. A group can be the smallest collection o
what is the job of the cell coat?
How the artificial sweeteners are available as sugar substitute? Some of these are available as tablets, as sugar substitute and others appear as ingredients in many food produ
Nucleic acid hybridization: This is a process by which a suitably labeled DNA or RNA from a known infectious agent is used to probe its complementary sequence unique to t
Explain assessment of iron status - Transferrin receptors? Transferrin receptors: As iron deficiency progresses into second stage, the number of transferrin receptors on the ce
Partial Pericardiectomy : The approach can be either by a left anterolateral thoracotomy or median sternotomy. For pyogenic pericarditis with adhesions and loculations a par
Pathophysiology Large haemorrhages and fibrinous lesions vegetate along the inflaked edges of valves. The lesions develop on adjacent valve leaflets so that the edges adh
Draw a diagram of transverse section of the spinal cord showing reflex are and label the following parts: (i) Afferent nerve fibre (ii) Grey matter (iii) Motor nerve fibre
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