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Describe the Physiology of atrial septal defect?
In ASD the magnitude of left to right shunt is determined by the size of the defect and the relative compliance of the right ventricle and the left ventricle. Because the compliance of the right ventricle is greater that1 the left ventricle, left to right shunt is present. The heart murmur in ASD is not because of the shunt at the atrial level. Since he pressure gradient between the ataria is so small and the shunt occurs throughout the cardiac cycle, the L>R shunt is silent. The heart murmur in ASD originates from the pulmonary valve because of he increased blood flow through this normal sized valve; therefore the murmur is systolic in timing. An increased flow through the tricuspid valve results in a diastolic rumble at the lower left sternal border. The dilated RV cavity prolongs the time required for depolarization of RV resulting in delayed P2. In Addition the large ASD tends to abolish respiration related fluctuations in systemic venous return to the right side of the heart; thereby the fixed S2.Children rarely experience CHF. However CHF and pulmonary hypertension develop in the third or fourth decade of life.
Explain Risk Factors For CAD? As has been noted, CAD is very common among the Indians and many studies have been undertaken to find out the reasons behind this predilection. Wh
Define Body weight as a determinant of nutrient requirements? Requirements are considered to be a function of body weight for individuals who are not overweight. However, for s
Absolute time is one of the two types of geologic time (relative time being the other), with the distinct age date established generally by the decay of the radioactive elements,
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Fatty acids are a very significant adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and source of energy for various cellular organisms. Over fatty acids, glucose and other nutrients can be stored eff
What are cotyledons? Cotyledons or else seed leaves are structures formed by the embryo of angiosperms to absorb nutrients from the endosperm and to store and transfer these nu
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1. Describe what effects epigenetic modifications such as methylation and acetylation can have in eukaryotic cells, and how these modifications are added or removed from chromatin.
Damage to the amygdalas may make a pearson fearless. Gleb Shumyatsky's lab reported in an article in Cell (2005) that knock out mice [mice lacking a specific gene] lacking the gene
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