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Q. Describe the Morphological Characteristics?
One of the first steps in the identification of bacteria in food is microscopic examination to ascertain the shape, size, aggregation, structure and staining reactions of the bacteria present. The following characteristics may be of special significance:
Encapsulation: The presence of capsules or slime may account for sliminess or ropiness of a food. Most capsules are polysaccharides of dextrin; dextran or levan and they serve as a source of reserve nutrients and increase the resistance of bacteria under adverse conditions.
Formation of Endospores: Bacteria of genera Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporosarcina etc have the ability to form endospores. Endospores are formed at an intracellular site and are resistant to heat, ultraviolet light and desiccation. Lysis of the vegetative cell releases the free endospore, which may remain dormant with no detectable metabolism for years. Sporulation usually appears in the late logarithmic phase of growth, possibly because of nutrient depletion or product accumulation. The acquisition of heat resistance is closely related to the formation of dipicolinic acid and the Ca2+ uptake. Germination is favoured by conditions that are favourable for growth.
Formation of Cell Aggregates: It is characteristic of some bacteria to form long chains or of others to clump under certain conditions. It is more difficult to kill all bacteria in intertwined chains or sizable clumps than to destroy separate cells.
Pluripotent SCs : Characterizing more restricted abilities for differentiation.their sources are some celles blastocyst (5-14 days) embroys, so can from over 200 cells types i.e
What is difference between self pollination and cross pollination? Which of the two modes of pollination contributes more to the plant diversity? Self pollination take places w
Phosphorus (P) - Macronutrients In soil, phosphorus occurs almost exclusively in the form of orthophosphate. Substantial amount of P is associated with the soil organic matter
Systems Theory - Accident Causation The systems theory established extremely strong relationship between system and accident. A properly functioning system may avoid accidents
what are the component of hemoglobin
Empiric Initial Therapy Until susceptibility results are available, empiric initial treatment consists of a 4-drug regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol.
What Food items include in clear liquid diet - Clear, fat free soups/broths - Light coffee, tea (without milk or cream) - Strained fruit juices - Tender coconut wa
In his experiments, Mendel noted that when two traits are involved in a genetic cross, they are inherited independently of each other. The reason for this is that A. genes on the s
Pulmonary stenosis is a relatively common congenital heart defect. Usually these children with mild to moderate pulmonary stenosis survive into childhood. Since bicuspid pulmonary
Describe steps of Indications definitive Surgical Treatment? Indications for Definitive Surgical Treatment : Surgery is indicated in all acute proximal dissections. Ind
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