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Q. Describe the Morphological Characteristics?
One of the first steps in the identification of bacteria in food is microscopic examination to ascertain the shape, size, aggregation, structure and staining reactions of the bacteria present. The following characteristics may be of special significance:
Encapsulation: The presence of capsules or slime may account for sliminess or ropiness of a food. Most capsules are polysaccharides of dextrin; dextran or levan and they serve as a source of reserve nutrients and increase the resistance of bacteria under adverse conditions.
Formation of Endospores: Bacteria of genera Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporosarcina etc have the ability to form endospores. Endospores are formed at an intracellular site and are resistant to heat, ultraviolet light and desiccation. Lysis of the vegetative cell releases the free endospore, which may remain dormant with no detectable metabolism for years. Sporulation usually appears in the late logarithmic phase of growth, possibly because of nutrient depletion or product accumulation. The acquisition of heat resistance is closely related to the formation of dipicolinic acid and the Ca2+ uptake. Germination is favoured by conditions that are favourable for growth.
Formation of Cell Aggregates: It is characteristic of some bacteria to form long chains or of others to clump under certain conditions. It is more difficult to kill all bacteria in intertwined chains or sizable clumps than to destroy separate cells.
Active transport is the transport of the molecules against the concentration gradient (from area of low concentration to area of high concentration) with the help of proteins in t
Define Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Technique? Ziehl-Neelsen staining is used for staining these bacteria. The technique was discovered first by Robert Koch during his pioneering inv
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A large number of integral proteins in eukaryotes do not traverse the membrane but are anchored in one or other leaflet of the bilayer through covalent attachment to a hydrocarbon
Q. Counselling Elderly Diabetics? The rising trend of diabetes in the elderly population is a challenge for health care providers. The problems which make the diabetes treatmen
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Computed Tomograpy Scan Developments in cross-sectional imaging techniques such as spiral tomography and reformatted computerized tomograms have become increasingly popular in
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In the fruit fly Drosophila, a rudimentary wing called "vestigial" and dark body color called "ebony" are inherited at independent loci and are recessive to their dominant wild-typ
Bacteria have a region known as a nucleoid, in which their genetic material is located. Why, then, are bacteria classify as prokaryotes? The nucleoid is not surrounded by a mem
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