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Q. Describe the Morphological Characteristics?
One of the first steps in the identification of bacteria in food is microscopic examination to ascertain the shape, size, aggregation, structure and staining reactions of the bacteria present. The following characteristics may be of special significance:
Encapsulation: The presence of capsules or slime may account for sliminess or ropiness of a food. Most capsules are polysaccharides of dextrin; dextran or levan and they serve as a source of reserve nutrients and increase the resistance of bacteria under adverse conditions.
Formation of Endospores: Bacteria of genera Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporosarcina etc have the ability to form endospores. Endospores are formed at an intracellular site and are resistant to heat, ultraviolet light and desiccation. Lysis of the vegetative cell releases the free endospore, which may remain dormant with no detectable metabolism for years. Sporulation usually appears in the late logarithmic phase of growth, possibly because of nutrient depletion or product accumulation. The acquisition of heat resistance is closely related to the formation of dipicolinic acid and the Ca2+ uptake. Germination is favoured by conditions that are favourable for growth.
Formation of Cell Aggregates: It is characteristic of some bacteria to form long chains or of others to clump under certain conditions. It is more difficult to kill all bacteria in intertwined chains or sizable clumps than to destroy separate cells.
Q. What is Deoxynivalenol? Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a far more common, but much less toxic, trichothecene and is produced by species such as F. graminearum and F. culmorum. LD
Haemodynamics : The type of valves chosen should have excellent haemodynamics. In studies at rest and on exercise the valve should produce only acceptable diastolic gradients in
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Height of Plants - Quantitative Characters The height of a plant is a very good indicator of their general performance and therefore, can be employed as a criterion of the suc
What are restriction enzymes? How do these enzymes participate in the recombinant DNA technology? The Restriction enzymes, or restriction endonucleases, are enzymes specialized
Reflexes It is used to assess the neurobehavioural status. Rooting reflex - Being a primitive reflex, if cheek is rubbed, the infant will turn his head into that dire
Define Citrate Utilization Test - imvic test? Several microorganisms have the ability to make use of citrate as the sole source of carbon and energy. This ability relies on the
Where does poop come from?
If water dousing, homeopathic cures, and so on work for just me but not for anyone else, it is still science.
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