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Q. Describe the Morphological Characteristics?
One of the first steps in the identification of bacteria in food is microscopic examination to ascertain the shape, size, aggregation, structure and staining reactions of the bacteria present. The following characteristics may be of special significance:
Encapsulation: The presence of capsules or slime may account for sliminess or ropiness of a food. Most capsules are polysaccharides of dextrin; dextran or levan and they serve as a source of reserve nutrients and increase the resistance of bacteria under adverse conditions.
Formation of Endospores: Bacteria of genera Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporosarcina etc have the ability to form endospores. Endospores are formed at an intracellular site and are resistant to heat, ultraviolet light and desiccation. Lysis of the vegetative cell releases the free endospore, which may remain dormant with no detectable metabolism for years. Sporulation usually appears in the late logarithmic phase of growth, possibly because of nutrient depletion or product accumulation. The acquisition of heat resistance is closely related to the formation of dipicolinic acid and the Ca2+ uptake. Germination is favoured by conditions that are favourable for growth.
Formation of Cell Aggregates: It is characteristic of some bacteria to form long chains or of others to clump under certain conditions. It is more difficult to kill all bacteria in intertwined chains or sizable clumps than to destroy separate cells.
mode of nutrition : out side the body
Q. Illustrate Mitral Stenosis and Pregnancy ? Since mitral stenosis is often seen in young women, it is not uncommon to see young women with pregnancy complicated by mitral ste
Q. What are the modes of transmission, main signs and symptoms and treatments of hepatitis B? The Hepatitis B is a disease caused by a DNA virus. The transmission is by blood (
control of microorganisms by chemical method.
How are the antibodies against the Rh factor formed? Anti-Rh antibodies are made by humoral immune response. When an Rh- individual makes contact with the Rh factor this is rec
Golgi complex is the organelles in animal cells having a sequence of þattened sacs which sort, chemically modify, and package proteins produced on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Nutrient and Storage proteins These proteins store amino acids. Ovalbumin is the protein of egg white, used as an amino acid source for the developing embryo. Casein, the prote
This is concerned more with nature's services which also make vital contributions to the welfare of society and to ecological processes without which our planet would be uninhabita
SUPERNUMERARY OR ACCESSORY CHROMOSOMES Wilson (1905) discovered them in Matapodium insect. Very small Chromosomes present in nucleus in addition to normal number of Chr
Explain the Process of Canning? The basic principles of canning have not changed dramatically since Nicholas Appert and Peter Durand developed the process. Heat sufficient to d
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