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Q. Describe the Morphological Characteristics?
One of the first steps in the identification of bacteria in food is microscopic examination to ascertain the shape, size, aggregation, structure and staining reactions of the bacteria present. The following characteristics may be of special significance:
Encapsulation: The presence of capsules or slime may account for sliminess or ropiness of a food. Most capsules are polysaccharides of dextrin; dextran or levan and they serve as a source of reserve nutrients and increase the resistance of bacteria under adverse conditions.
Formation of Endospores: Bacteria of genera Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporosarcina etc have the ability to form endospores. Endospores are formed at an intracellular site and are resistant to heat, ultraviolet light and desiccation. Lysis of the vegetative cell releases the free endospore, which may remain dormant with no detectable metabolism for years. Sporulation usually appears in the late logarithmic phase of growth, possibly because of nutrient depletion or product accumulation. The acquisition of heat resistance is closely related to the formation of dipicolinic acid and the Ca2+ uptake. Germination is favoured by conditions that are favourable for growth.
Formation of Cell Aggregates: It is characteristic of some bacteria to form long chains or of others to clump under certain conditions. It is more difficult to kill all bacteria in intertwined chains or sizable clumps than to destroy separate cells.
Describe Class Ophiuroidea in general way? Brittle stars have a central disc with five long, thin, flexible arms that can be detached from the body at will in times of danger.
What is the need of Monitoring and Surveillance? Monitoring, we know, is the act of observing something and sometimes keeping a .record of it while surveillance is a repeated s
Explain Non-surgical Endodontic Retreatment - Missed Canal Missed root canal as it hold pulp tissues and bacteria is major cause of endodontic failure. Mandibular molar
Food require during thyphoid So remember the foods to be included are: Juices, soups, dal water, broths. Refined cereals and their products (e.g. maida, rava, bread, rice
Texturization Proteins constitute the basis of structures and texture in several foods, whether these come from living tissue (myofibrills in meat or fish) or from fa
Q. How to calculate Hydrogen Ion Concentration? Ans. The hydrogen ion concentration has a significant role to play in growth of bacteria as every microorganism has a minim
Define Role of Iron in Controlling Gene Expression? Iron metabolism is regulated by a complex co-ordinate mechanism. Recent evidence supports specific past-transcriptional mech
#question.name any two plants having heterotrophic mode of nutrition .
Define Drug Effects on Food Intake - gastro intestinal tract? Affect the gastro intestinal tract: Gastrointestinal irritation and ulceration are serious problems with many drug
Q. Causes of gastro oesophageal reflux disease? GERD may develop due to any of the following reasons: • decreased muscle tone or abnormal relaxation of the LES, • reduced st
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