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Q. Describe the Basic Mechanisms in Plaque Formation?
In experimental models and human disease, the first morphologic phenomenon observed in plaque formation is adhesion of monocytes to an intact endothelial surface. This adhesion is followed by monocyte migration into the intima. In the intima, monocytes are activated, converted to macrophages, and may divide. Lipid uptake by macrophages then leads to the formation of the foam cell. Many factors act in concert to cause monocyte migration to allow the incoming monocytes to establish themselves in the intima. The endothelial surface is intact in the initial phase of coronary atherosclerosis. There is no exposure of the subendothelial connective tissue matrix and therefore no adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall. Much of the cholesterol and esters in a lipid core is released from the cytoplasm of dying foam cells. Active plaques contain numerous macrophages clustered at the edge of the core with the expression of a range of metalloproteinases that likely are engaged in the active destruction of the collagen matrix.
Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation as well as collagen deposition are driven by growth factors produced by virtually every cell type, including smooth muscle cells themselves. The normal media is a vascular, but once intimal thickening occurs, new vessels grow in from the adventitia and reach the base of the plaque.
Define Techniques for Detection Hidden Root Canals Three well-angulated periapical films for 3D morphology: o With the cone directed straight on. o Mesiobilque. o And disto
What is the function, other than protection, of the ribs? The ribs help to alter the volume of the thorax during breathing movements.
The major ecological imbalance on Earth is between the human species and the rest of Earth's biota. What are two specific actions we could do to achieve a balance (for example, rec
What are Polysaccharides? Polymers of simple sugars are known as Polysaccharides. Several polysaccharides, unlike sugars, are insoluble in water. Dietary fibre includes polysac
Explain the term Brown-Sequard Syndrome Brown-Sequard syndrome is a rare spinal disorder that results from an injury to one side of the spinal cord in which the spinal cord is
Ethylene production - Responses to Infection Ethylene is also induced in response to infection. It is also known to be produced under other stress conditions like wounding
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To prevent and control Staphylococcal food poisoning: • Avoid contamination of foods • Kill organism by heating, refrigeration • Personnel hygiene • Adequate cookin
#quesWhat benefits can commensalism offer to a species..
Q. What are few examples of cnidarians? In which environments can these animals be found? Hydra, Jellyfish, sea anemones and corals are good examples. All of them are aquatic,
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