Describe the basic mechanisms in plaque formation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Q. Describe the Basic Mechanisms in Plaque Formation?

In experimental models and human disease, the first morphologic phenomenon observed in plaque formation is adhesion of monocytes to an intact endothelial surface. This adhesion is followed by monocyte migration into the intima. In the intima, monocytes are activated, converted to macrophages, and may divide. Lipid uptake by macrophages then leads to the formation of the foam cell. Many factors act in concert to cause monocyte migration to allow the incoming monocytes to establish themselves in the intima. The endothelial surface is intact in the initial phase of coronary atherosclerosis. There is no exposure of the subendothelial connective tissue matrix and therefore no adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall. Much of the cholesterol and esters in a lipid core is released from the cytoplasm of dying foam cells. Active plaques contain numerous macrophages clustered at the edge of the core with the expression of a range of metalloproteinases that likely are engaged in the active destruction of the collagen matrix.

Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation as well as collagen deposition are driven by growth factors produced by virtually every cell type, including smooth muscle cells themselves. The normal media is a vascular, but once intimal thickening occurs, new vessels grow in from the adventitia and reach the base of the plaque.


Related Discussions:- Describe the basic mechanisms in plaque formation

Photosynthesis, in a school laboratory, what is usually regarded as evidenc...

in a school laboratory, what is usually regarded as evidence that photosynthesis has occurred in plants

Define the physiological changes in infants, Define the Physiological Chang...

Define the Physiological Changes in Infants? Let us briefly understand some of these changes as they bear important relationship to the care and development of infants. Some o

Define the term - cerebral arteriosclerosis, Define the term - cerebral art...

Define the term - cerebral arteriosclerosis An embolism can be a blood clot, a bubble of air, a deposit of oil or fat, or a small mass of cells detached from a tumor. Reduction

Where are the adrenal glands located, Q. Where are the adrenal glands locat...

Q. Where are the adrenal glands located? How many are they and what are their portions? Each adrenal gland is located on the top of each kidney (forming a hat-like structure fo

Illustrate photochemical phase, Q. Which are the subproducts of the photoch...

Q. Which are the subproducts of the photochemical phase that are essential for the chemical stage of photosynthesis? The chemical stage of photosynthesis depends on ATP and NAD

Name the drugs will help relieve for patient x, Patient X has blood plasma ...

Patient X has blood plasma levels of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) that are always very high due to a tumor consisting of Parathyroid Gland cells that secrete high levels of PTH into t

Choice of transgenic animal, C h oice of transgenic animal First and ...

C h oice of transgenic animal First and foremost is the selection of animal species in which gene of interest is to be transferred. Whatever is the goal of production of tran

Describe the classification of arthropoda, Describe the Classification of A...

Describe the Classification of Arthropoda? Most arthropods also go through a growth process called metamorphosis, whereby they change their bodies into an entirely different fo

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd