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Q. Describe the Basic Mechanisms in Plaque Formation?
In experimental models and human disease, the first morphologic phenomenon observed in plaque formation is adhesion of monocytes to an intact endothelial surface. This adhesion is followed by monocyte migration into the intima. In the intima, monocytes are activated, converted to macrophages, and may divide. Lipid uptake by macrophages then leads to the formation of the foam cell. Many factors act in concert to cause monocyte migration to allow the incoming monocytes to establish themselves in the intima. The endothelial surface is intact in the initial phase of coronary atherosclerosis. There is no exposure of the subendothelial connective tissue matrix and therefore no adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall. Much of the cholesterol and esters in a lipid core is released from the cytoplasm of dying foam cells. Active plaques contain numerous macrophages clustered at the edge of the core with the expression of a range of metalloproteinases that likely are engaged in the active destruction of the collagen matrix.
Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation as well as collagen deposition are driven by growth factors produced by virtually every cell type, including smooth muscle cells themselves. The normal media is a vascular, but once intimal thickening occurs, new vessels grow in from the adventitia and reach the base of the plaque.
Of which substance do elastic fibers of the connective tissue are made? What are some functions of these fibers? The elastic fibers are made of a protein called elastin. Ela
Circulatory Systems in Animals In animals that have efficient circulatory systems and readily permeable vascular skins, gas exchange occurs through the integument. Thus we fin
Extra Cranial MAs Intrathoracic or intra-abdominal MAs are often asymptomatic until leakage or rupture occurs. Most extracranial MAs (ECMAs) will rupture if not excised. The app
P a ck a g i n g of Meat Products Meat needs to be packaged to prevent contamination, color deterioration, loss of moisture, odor pickup, oxidative rancidity etc and pro
Microtubule assembly: A) generally originates in the centrosome. B) occurs only during mitosis. C) occurs randomly throughout the cell. D) is regulated by myosin. E) is inhibited d
Bi-and Poly-Functional Enzymes These enzymes are generated by genes obtained by fusion of the coding regions of two or more genes encoding various enzymes. In simple words, the
PROVIDE a specific example for epithelial and connective tissues, how the arrangement of cells helps with tissue functioning?
Explain about the Conjugated proteins? The phospho proteins and the metallo proteins are loose (as with phosphate carrying protein) or tight (as with the phosphate in casein or
Genomic clone is the piece of a DNA taken from genome of a cell or an animal, and spliced into the bacteriophage or other kind of cloning vector. A genomic clone might contain cod
Q. What are the main manifestations of leishmaniasis? There are two key forms of leishmaniasis: visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar). Th
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