Describe the basic mechanisms in plaque formation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Q. Describe the Basic Mechanisms in Plaque Formation?

In experimental models and human disease, the first morphologic phenomenon observed in plaque formation is adhesion of monocytes to an intact endothelial surface. This adhesion is followed by monocyte migration into the intima. In the intima, monocytes are activated, converted to macrophages, and may divide. Lipid uptake by macrophages then leads to the formation of the foam cell. Many factors act in concert to cause monocyte migration to allow the incoming monocytes to establish themselves in the intima. The endothelial surface is intact in the initial phase of coronary atherosclerosis. There is no exposure of the subendothelial connective tissue matrix and therefore no adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall. Much of the cholesterol and esters in a lipid core is released from the cytoplasm of dying foam cells. Active plaques contain numerous macrophages clustered at the edge of the core with the expression of a range of metalloproteinases that likely are engaged in the active destruction of the collagen matrix.

Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation as well as collagen deposition are driven by growth factors produced by virtually every cell type, including smooth muscle cells themselves. The normal media is a vascular, but once intimal thickening occurs, new vessels grow in from the adventitia and reach the base of the plaque.


Related Discussions:- Describe the basic mechanisms in plaque formation

Cancer, Cancer ;  Cell  division , like  all other  biological  processes,...

Cancer ;  Cell  division , like  all other  biological  processes,  is under  genetic control. Certain  genes must regulate the processes  of cell growth  and division  in respons

Define the basic concepts behind the spectral techniques, Define the Basic ...

Define the Basic Concepts behind the Spectral Techniques? Energy is transmitted via electromagnetic waves that are characterized by their frequency and wavelength. The physical

Electrochemical gradient, Describe forces that contribute to cell''s electr...

Describe forces that contribute to cell''s electrochemical gradient. How does electrochemical gradient influence ion transport?

What is the route of nutrients after digestion, Q. From the intestinal lume...

Q. From the intestinal lumen through to the tissues - what is the route of nutrients after digestion? Monosaccharides, mineral salts, amino acids and water are absorbed by the

How oak trees affect lyme disease in humans, How does the production of aco...

How does the production of acorns by oak trees affect Lyme disease in humans?  When more acorns are produced by oak trees the populations of mice and deer that eat acorns enhan

Subphylum uniramia, Subphylum Uniramia Uniramia, the largest subphylu...

Subphylum Uniramia Uniramia, the largest subphylum of phylum Arthropods includes myriapods and insects. Due to the unbranched nature of the appendages of its members, the sub

Signify the term - pectoral girdle., Signify the term - Pectoral girdle. ...

Signify the term - Pectoral girdle. Bones in vertebrates that connect the appendages on the left and right side of the anterior appendicular skeleton to each other. Pectoral gi

How a volcanic eruption removes all plant life, A volcanic eruption removes...

A volcanic eruption removes all plant life from a valley below the volcano Explain why succession following the eruption is likely to happen more quickly on the valley floor than o

Genetics, discuss chromosomal theory of heredity.

discuss chromosomal theory of heredity.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd