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Q. Describe the Basic Mechanisms in Plaque Formation?
In experimental models and human disease, the first morphologic phenomenon observed in plaque formation is adhesion of monocytes to an intact endothelial surface. This adhesion is followed by monocyte migration into the intima. In the intima, monocytes are activated, converted to macrophages, and may divide. Lipid uptake by macrophages then leads to the formation of the foam cell. Many factors act in concert to cause monocyte migration to allow the incoming monocytes to establish themselves in the intima. The endothelial surface is intact in the initial phase of coronary atherosclerosis. There is no exposure of the subendothelial connective tissue matrix and therefore no adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall. Much of the cholesterol and esters in a lipid core is released from the cytoplasm of dying foam cells. Active plaques contain numerous macrophages clustered at the edge of the core with the expression of a range of metalloproteinases that likely are engaged in the active destruction of the collagen matrix.
Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation as well as collagen deposition are driven by growth factors produced by virtually every cell type, including smooth muscle cells themselves. The normal media is a vascular, but once intimal thickening occurs, new vessels grow in from the adventitia and reach the base of the plaque.
If dimples may be considered a single-gene dominant trait, and 64% of the population features dimples, calculate the frequencies of heterozygotes and both types of homozygotes, ass
Explain some side effects of carbohydrate loading? Some potential side effects of carbohydrate loading are: Muscle , stiffness Diarrhoea Chest Pain Depres
Tolerance Range - Ecosystem Organisms are able to survive only within certain maximum and minimum limits with respect to each environmental factor such as water, light and tem
An A=T mispairing leads to an A=C substitution. The other DNA helix will contain a(n) __ pair. a. A=C b. A=T c. G=C d. B=Q e. T=T Can you also explain it please so if I'm ask
What is the importance of vitamin A The importance of vitamin A is undisputable. You may already be aware about the functions/role of vitamin A in our body. Vitamin A is absol
topics for zoology assignment for plus one
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Explain Viscosity of Gastrointestinal Contents Delay Absorption? 1. Inadequate mixing of luminal contents due to increased viscosity may slow the movement of digestive enzymes
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Polygonum Type - Monosporic Embryo Sacs The embryo sac is formed from the chalazal megaspore in the tetrad and is eight-nucleate. The development of the embryo sac begins with
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