Describe the basic mechanisms in plaque formation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Q. Describe the Basic Mechanisms in Plaque Formation?

In experimental models and human disease, the first morphologic phenomenon observed in plaque formation is adhesion of monocytes to an intact endothelial surface. This adhesion is followed by monocyte migration into the intima. In the intima, monocytes are activated, converted to macrophages, and may divide. Lipid uptake by macrophages then leads to the formation of the foam cell. Many factors act in concert to cause monocyte migration to allow the incoming monocytes to establish themselves in the intima. The endothelial surface is intact in the initial phase of coronary atherosclerosis. There is no exposure of the subendothelial connective tissue matrix and therefore no adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall. Much of the cholesterol and esters in a lipid core is released from the cytoplasm of dying foam cells. Active plaques contain numerous macrophages clustered at the edge of the core with the expression of a range of metalloproteinases that likely are engaged in the active destruction of the collagen matrix.

Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation as well as collagen deposition are driven by growth factors produced by virtually every cell type, including smooth muscle cells themselves. The normal media is a vascular, but once intimal thickening occurs, new vessels grow in from the adventitia and reach the base of the plaque.


Related Discussions:- Describe the basic mechanisms in plaque formation

Winter stratification - thermal stratification, Winter Stratification - The...

Winter Stratification - Thermal stratification During extremes of winter the surface layer of the lake freezes or attains a temperature close to 0° Celsius. Under these condit

Explain phylum zooflagellata, Phylum Zooflagellata (Animal Flagellates)...

Phylum Zooflagellata (Animal Flagellates) 1) At some stage of life-cycle they have one or more flagella. 2) They feed heterotrophically by absorption or phagocytosis, and

Explain cardiac calcification, Q. Explain Cardiac calcification? Peric...

Q. Explain Cardiac calcification? Pericardial Calcium is most dense in the atrioventricular grooves and is seen as thick oblique circles or arcs of calcification. From th

Physical examination of a child, PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF A CHILD This ...

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF A CHILD This practical as you have seen above deals with assisting in various diagnostic procedures of a child. The first responsibility of you as a

Explain why methionine is the first amino acid, Explain why methionine is t...

Explain why methionine is the first amino acid in every growing polypeptide. The tRNA that pairs with the start codon on mRNA carries methionine. RNA having ribose; DNA contain

Explain canning - method of food preservation, Explain Canning (temperature...

Explain Canning (temperature above 100° C) - method of food preservation? Canning is the process in which the foods are heated in hermetically sealed (airtight) jars or cans t

List out the different preservation techniques, List out the Different Pres...

List out the Different Preservation Techniques? The different preservation techniques commonly used today are given in the Table. Table: Methods of food preservation a)

Role of fat or lipids in metabolism, ROLE OF FAT OR LIPIDS - Made up...

ROLE OF FAT OR LIPIDS - Made up of fatty acids & glycerol. Linked by ester bond. Maximum quantity of energy is librated. Helpful in temperature regulation. As stored f

Citrate levels would be low in the cytosol, When the ratio of insulin to gl...

When the ratio of insulin to glucagon is >1, which is the following is true with regards to fatty acid synthesis? -malonyl CoA will inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1

What are multiple alleles, What are multiple alleles? Is there dominance in...

What are multiple alleles? Is there dominance in multiple alleles? Multiple alleles is the phenomenon in which the similar gene has more than two dissimilar alleles (in normal

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd