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Q. Describe the Basic Mechanisms in Plaque Formation?
In experimental models and human disease, the first morphologic phenomenon observed in plaque formation is adhesion of monocytes to an intact endothelial surface. This adhesion is followed by monocyte migration into the intima. In the intima, monocytes are activated, converted to macrophages, and may divide. Lipid uptake by macrophages then leads to the formation of the foam cell. Many factors act in concert to cause monocyte migration to allow the incoming monocytes to establish themselves in the intima. The endothelial surface is intact in the initial phase of coronary atherosclerosis. There is no exposure of the subendothelial connective tissue matrix and therefore no adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall. Much of the cholesterol and esters in a lipid core is released from the cytoplasm of dying foam cells. Active plaques contain numerous macrophages clustered at the edge of the core with the expression of a range of metalloproteinases that likely are engaged in the active destruction of the collagen matrix.
Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation as well as collagen deposition are driven by growth factors produced by virtually every cell type, including smooth muscle cells themselves. The normal media is a vascular, but once intimal thickening occurs, new vessels grow in from the adventitia and reach the base of the plaque.
What is the problem that the theory of evolution and its rival theories try to solve? The problem that the theory of simply evolution, or evolution, and its rival theories try
Q. What are Zoonotic Diseases? The World Health Organization defines Zoonoses (Zoonosis, sing.) as "Those diseases and infections, which are naturally transmitted between verte
Lap design There are many different flap designs for implant surgery. In practically all situations a mid-crestal incision can be employed (Fig). This is especially so when th
The conduction of impulse in a nerve fibre is. a electrochemical process. Maximum speed of transmission of nerve impulse can be 13 metre/second due to axoplasm is much resistant to
DEMOGRAPH Y - Scientific study of vital & social statistics such as births, deaths, disease etc. of human population is called demography. It deals with - 1. Change
What is the difference between spermatogonium and spermatocyte I? The male germ cells are the spermatogonia (diploid cells, 2n) located in the testicles. They mature and by mea
In a follow up to Alfred Sturtevant's studies on recombination in the fruit fly, Seymour Benzer used complementation studies of bacteriophage mutants to verify where recombination
TYPES OF DRUG ACTION - 1 . PHARMACODYNAMIC DRUGS - These drugs modify the physiological and biochemical processes in the patient's body to eliminate the disease.
Standardisation Research of Luria Nebraska There are published manuals for the Luria Nebraska that define the battery in detail and provide information pertinent to validity,
What is the valve that separates? What is its function? The valve that divides the stomach from the duodenum is the pylorus. It has the function of keeping the food bolus within
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