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Q. Describe the Basic Mechanisms in Plaque Formation?
In experimental models and human disease, the first morphologic phenomenon observed in plaque formation is adhesion of monocytes to an intact endothelial surface. This adhesion is followed by monocyte migration into the intima. In the intima, monocytes are activated, converted to macrophages, and may divide. Lipid uptake by macrophages then leads to the formation of the foam cell. Many factors act in concert to cause monocyte migration to allow the incoming monocytes to establish themselves in the intima. The endothelial surface is intact in the initial phase of coronary atherosclerosis. There is no exposure of the subendothelial connective tissue matrix and therefore no adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall. Much of the cholesterol and esters in a lipid core is released from the cytoplasm of dying foam cells. Active plaques contain numerous macrophages clustered at the edge of the core with the expression of a range of metalloproteinases that likely are engaged in the active destruction of the collagen matrix.
Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation as well as collagen deposition are driven by growth factors produced by virtually every cell type, including smooth muscle cells themselves. The normal media is a vascular, but once intimal thickening occurs, new vessels grow in from the adventitia and reach the base of the plaque.
Define ailing and failing Clinically unhealthy implants are classified as "ailing" or "failing". It is necessary to distinguish between an ailing versus a failing implant to de
ELIZA stands for enzyme linked immune diffusion assays. It works on standard of antigen antibody reaction.
#quesWhat benefits can commensalism offer to a species..
The Alanine cycle Follow the alanine link in the alanine cycle. The process goes as under: 1) Pyruvate formed from glycolysis in the muscle is converted to alanine by t
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Which of the following serves as a controlled variable in a negative feedback system? A. Levels of hydrogen ions in the interstitial spaces of the brainstem. B. Blood plasma
The second category of isolating mechanism that may permit interspecific mating but ensures reduced viability is called post-mating isolating mechanism. This category could be subd
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation expresses the pH of a solution as: Select one: a. The equilibrium constant of the acid and the dissociated form of the weak acid. b. The
How Low Birth Weight cause Protein Energy Malnutrition? The beginning of PEM in children starts in US from the time of their birth. At least a third of the Indian children are
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