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Describe the algorithm for updating indices for a single level index when a record is
(i) Inserted (ii) deleted
What will be the modification if there are multilevel indices?
Ans: Inserted: The time it acquires to insert a new data item. This value involves the time it takes to find out the correct place to insert the new data item, also the time it takes to update the index structure.
Deleted: The time it receives to delete a data item. This value involves the time it takes to find the item to be deleted, also the time it takes to update the index structure.
What is storage manager? A storage manager is a program module that gives the interface between the Low level data kept in a database and the application programs
Explain the two constraints, check and foreign key in SQL along with an example for each. Give the syntax. CHECK constraint - CHECK constraint specifies an expression which
Higher Normal Forms Is there more normal forms beyond BCNF? Yes, though, these normal forms are not based on the concept of functional dependence. More normalisation is needed if
As with other software, databases can potentially be used for unethical purposes. As a database developer, and a consumer, you should recognize database misuse, and how it may affe
external and internal mapping with examples
Describe the difference between a one-to-many and a many-to-many relationship. Which logical data structures comprise one-to-many and which comprise many-to-many relationship?
Define the term Domain. For each n every attribute there is a set of permitted values known as the domain of that attribute.
Define a relation ? Relation - A relations is a named two-dimensional table of data. Mathematically, a relation can be described as a subset of the cartesian product of a lis
Question: The following relational database schema corresponds to a part of a database used by the Registry Department of a university. DEPARTMENT (d#, d-name, head-of-dept)
What is 2NF? A relation schema R is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally dependent on primary key.
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