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Describe the algorithm for updating indices for a single level index when a record is
(i) Inserted (ii) deleted
What will be the modification if there are multilevel indices?
Ans: Inserted: The time it acquires to insert a new data item. This value involves the time it takes to find out the correct place to insert the new data item, also the time it takes to update the index structure.
Deleted: The time it receives to delete a data item. This value involves the time it takes to find the item to be deleted, also the time it takes to update the index structure.
Write short notes on transaction state? A transaction may not always complete its implementation successfully such a transaction is termed aborted A transaction must be in o
A domain is a set of permissible values that can be given to an attribute. So each attribute in a table has a definite domain. Values to these attributes cannot be assigned outside
The Database Approach In order to overcome the limits of a file system, a new approach was needed. Hence a database approach emerged. A database is a persistent collection of
(a) Why did SAP introduce the extended star schema?
Derived horizontal fragmentation: Some applications may include a join of two or more relations. If the relations are stored at dissimilar locations, there may be a major overhead
CREATE TABLE prodtrans ( pno number (4) ptype char (1) CHECK (ptype in ('I','R','S')), qty number (5) FOREIGN KEY pno REFERENCES product (pno) ON DELETE CASCADE);
i want notes on this topic
What is the use of RAID? A variety of disk-organization methods, collectively called redundant arrays of independent disks are used to better the performance and reliability.
Let us now make the E-R diagram for the student database as per the explanation given in the previous section. We can also states the overall logical structure of a database usi
How many physical thing?
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