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Describe the algorithm for updating indices for a single level index when a record is
(i) Inserted (ii) deleted
What will be the modification if there are multilevel indices?
Ans: Inserted: The time it acquires to insert a new data item. This value involves the time it takes to find out the correct place to insert the new data item, also the time it takes to update the index structure.
Deleted: The time it receives to delete a data item. This value involves the time it takes to find the item to be deleted, also the time it takes to update the index structure.
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To delete a particular column in a relation which command is used ? To delete a particular column in a relation ALTER command is used.
The Concurrent Transactions Almost every commercial DBMS support multi-user environment. Therefore, allowing multiple transactions to proceed concurrently. The DBMS must make
explain various steps uses in evaluation and maintenance of MIS.
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