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Describe Physical Data independence ?
Physical Data Independence - It is capacity to modify the internal schema without having to change conceptual schema. Therefore, the external schemas required not be changed as well. Changes to the internal schema might be required because some physical files had to be reorganized to improve the performance of retrieval or update. If the similar data as before remains in the database, the conceptual schema requires not be changed.
explain the mapping constraints
Which product produces the relation that has attributes of R1 and R2 ? Cartesian product produce the relation which has attributes of R1 and R2
Define single valued and multivalued attributes. Single valued attributes: attributes with a single value for a particular entity are known as single valued attributes. M
What is storage manager? A storage manager is a program module that gives the interface between the Low level data kept in a database and the application programs
Distributed query and transaction processing a. Construct a query around any one of the functional divisions you made in 4a such that if executed in the distributed design of 4
Describe multi key files
What is an Index? An index is a small table having only two columns. The first column has a copy of the primary or candidate key of a table and the second column having a set o
Primary index A primary index is a file that has a sorted series of records having two columns: a block address for that key field in the data file; and the ordering key field.
Process of implementing system design in dynamic models There are three essential approaches to implementing system design in dynamic models. These approaches are as below:
Draw the database using the ER approach and then make the tables accordingly. Populate the tables so that every table have at least 10 tuples. Then using Java and SQL, execute the
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