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Describe Physical Data independence ?
Physical Data Independence - It is capacity to modify the internal schema without having to change conceptual schema. Therefore, the external schemas required not be changed as well. Changes to the internal schema might be required because some physical files had to be reorganized to improve the performance of retrieval or update. If the similar data as before remains in the database, the conceptual schema requires not be changed.
User error : This contains errors in the program (e.g., Logical errors) with errors made by online users of database. These types of errors can be avoided by applying some check
Types of Data fragmentation
Secondary Indexes Let consider the student database and its clustering index and primary (only one will be applicable at a time). Now consider the state when the database is to
What are the advantages of object ID? The main advantages of Object IDs are as below: i) IDs are not changing ii) IDs are completely independent of the changes in data v
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Load sample data into the database tables design and test queries to return the following information • All rows and columns for employees • All rows and columns for customers •
What is Relational DBMS This is our subject of study. A DBMS is relational if the data is organized into relations, that is, tables. In RDBMS, all data are kept in the well-kno
FitAll Ltd is a company that manufactures clothes. Its processes are manual and there are stand-alone Information Systems that aid to manage them. The Information Systems were purc
the of super market system done in database
The traffic data mgmt. systems infrastructure plan describes the software, hardware, data network, and other elements that will support the TDMS. The infrastructure plan is based o
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