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Describe logical data independence ?
Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application programs. The conceptual schema might be changed to expand the database (through adding a record type or data item), to change constraints, or to decrease the database (by removing a record type or data item). Only the view definition and the mappings required are changed in a DBMS that supports logical data independence. Changes to constraints could be applied to the conceptual schema without moving the external schemas or application programs.
Differentiate sub-class and super-class? The specialization of a class is known as subclasses.eg: employee is a subclass of person and teller is a subclass of employee. Convers
A constraint named less_than_20 was defined on the field date_of_birth of table student. Delete this constraint. ALTER TABLE student DROP CONSTRAINT less_than_20;
For the relations answer the following queries in SQL Street (name, location, city) House (number, street_name) Lives (name, house_number) (i) Obtain the names of persons who liv
What are the types of reference?explain it with suitable examples? Object oriented language given the ability to refer the object attribute of the type can be referred to the s
Consider the following database containing five transactions. Let min_sup = 60%. Mine all frequent itemsets using Apriori and FP-growth algorithm. Compare the efficiency of the t
Determine the steps of path in association network You can analyse use of paths in association network in the following steps: Examine every operation and see what asso
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
The Structured Query Language INTRODUCTION Database is an organised set of information about an entity having controlled redundancy and serves numerous applications. DBMS
What is a view? Make a view of EMP table named DEPT 20, to display the employees in department 20 and their annual salary. Ans: View is a virtual table that does not consist
Question: AirwaysCentre, an international airline booking company currently uses a relational database system for their operations, which includes the following relations: P
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