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Describe logical data independence ?
Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application programs. The conceptual schema might be changed to expand the database (through adding a record type or data item), to change constraints, or to decrease the database (by removing a record type or data item). Only the view definition and the mappings required are changed in a DBMS that supports logical data independence. Changes to constraints could be applied to the conceptual schema without moving the external schemas or application programs.
Define Thomas write rule Thomas' write rule: The Thomas' write rule is a modification of timestamp-ordering protocol for concurrency control. Assume that transaction T i issue
What is a virtual table that draws its data from the result of an SQL SELECT statement? View is a virtual table that draws its data from the result of an SQL SELECT statement.
why are older data models are being replaced by new data models
Using a database design approach of your choice, produce a logical design for Pharma. 1) Your answer must consist of ONE the following: An entity-relationship (ER) diagra
What is ICR? A. ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition) is a technology that gives scanning and imaging systems the ability to identify images of hand-printed or script charact
definition and its work
This constraint shows that the key attribute value in each tuple must be unique, i.e., no two tuples have the similar value for the key attribute. This is because the value of the
define normalisation and functional dependency
Given the following relations Vehicle (Reg_no, make, colour) Person(eno, name, address) Owner(eno, reg_no) Write expressions in the relational algebra to answer the following
Describe Data Manipulation language ? Data Manipulation Language (DML) - A data manipulation language is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organize
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