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Describe logical data independence ?
Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application programs. The conceptual schema might be changed to expand the database (through adding a record type or data item), to change constraints, or to decrease the database (by removing a record type or data item). Only the view definition and the mappings required are changed in a DBMS that supports logical data independence. Changes to constraints could be applied to the conceptual schema without moving the external schemas or application programs.
What is called as an N-way merge? The merge operation is a generalization of the two-way merge used by the standard in-memory sort-merge algorithm. It merges N runs, so it is k
how to write a in a text and load it on mysql
a need some real life examples of database management systems three level of ANSI SPARC architecture life teacher and student ,company and employee or for NGO etc.
Surgeons identified by doctor ID (DOCID) operate on patients identified by patient ID (PATID) in operating theaters identified by room numbers (ROOMNO). Each surgeon can operate on
Question: (a) Use the following business rules to produce the E-R diagram. You should clearly show all the minimum and maximum cardinality constraint on each side of the relati
What is Relational calculus? Relational calculus is a Non- Procedural language.
Describe the tools that are available for managing MySQL Server. Given below are the tools to manage MySQL server: mysqld - MySQL server daemon. This is used to begain t
Single Valued Normalisation Codd in the year 1972 formed three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF). These were based on functional dependencies between the attributes of a relati
Explain Growing Phase of locking Growing Phase: In this phase the transaction can only obtain locks, but cannot release any lock. The transaction enters the growing phase as so
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