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Describe logical data independence ?
Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application programs. The conceptual schema might be changed to expand the database (through adding a record type or data item), to change constraints, or to decrease the database (by removing a record type or data item). Only the view definition and the mappings required are changed in a DBMS that supports logical data independence. Changes to constraints could be applied to the conceptual schema without moving the external schemas or application programs.
An employee record has the following structure struct employee { int eno; char name[22]; float salary; char dept[10];}; (i) Calculate the record size R in bytes.
Explain the functions of data manager? Functions of Data Manager : - Convert operations in user's queries coming directly through query processor or indirectly in an applicatio
Consider the relation PERSON. If you want to display details of persons having age less than or equal to 30 than the select operation will be used as follows: σ AGE The resu
What do you understand by transitive dependencies? Define with an example any two problems that can take place in the database if transitive dependencies are available in the datab
In which relational modes, cardinality is termed? Answer : Cardinality is termed in a number of tuples relational modes.
Question: This form represents one of a number used for each sailing of a range of boats. A passenger may go on many sailings and will have the same passenger number for each.
Relationship between Security and Integrity: Database security usually refers to access, while database integrity refers to avoidance of accidental loss of consistency. But usually
What is conceptual model ? A conceptual model is a independent of both hardware and software.
which component of DBMS can be embedded in a program? The data manipulation language (DML) is a component which is embedded in a program.
What is NULL? Give an example to described testing for NULL in SQL? The NULL SQL keyword is used to represent either a missing value or a value which is not applicable in a re
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