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Describe logical data independence ?
Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application programs. The conceptual schema might be changed to expand the database (through adding a record type or data item), to change constraints, or to decrease the database (by removing a record type or data item). Only the view definition and the mappings required are changed in a DBMS that supports logical data independence. Changes to constraints could be applied to the conceptual schema without moving the external schemas or application programs.
One-to-one relationship: For every 1:1 relationship type R in the ER diagram including two entities E1 and E2 we take one of entities (say E1) preferably with total participatio
What is Information System?
Define multivalued dependency. What do understand by trivial multivalued dependency? Ans: A multivalued dependency is a full constraint among two sets of attributes in a rela
explain concept of decomposition?
File Manager File manager handles the allocation of space on disk storage. It starts and maintains the list of structures and indices described in the internal schema that is
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) The relation NEWSTUDENT (Enrolmentno, Sno, Sname, Cname, Cno,) has every attributes participating in candidate keys as all the attributes are assu
List the SQL domain Types? SQL supports the following domain types. 1) Char(n) 2) varchar(n) 3) int 4) numeric(p,d) 5) float(n) 6) date.
What is meant by software and hardware RAID systems? RAID can be executed with no change at the hardware level, using only software modification. Such RAID implementations are
What is the use of sub queries? A sub query is a select-from-where expression that is nested with in another query. A common use of sub queries is to do tests for set membershi
Process-oriented decompositions Process-oriented decompositions divide complex process, task or function into simpler sub processes until they get simple enough to be deal
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