Problem:

(a) Application Layer protocols can be classified as connection-oriented or connectionless-oriented.

i. What do you understand by the term protocol?
ii. Give an example of one connection-oriented application layer protocol and one connectionless-oriented application layer.
iii. Describe how each above-mentioned protocol work by providing as much information about application messages, port numbers, etc...

(b) Describe essential security services and the mechanisms used to enforce those three services.

(c) Given the following received codeword C and the generator polynomial G. Determine if an error has taken place during transmission.

You should show your work and not reply merely Yes or No.

C: 110011001
G: x³ + 1