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Consider a database whose universe is a finite set of vertices V and whose unique relation .E is binary and encodes the edges of an undirected (resp., directed) graph G: (V, E). Each undirected edge between the nodes o and u (resp., directed edge from the node v to the node u) is encoded by the two atoms E (v, u) and E (u, v) (resp., by the single atom E (v, u)).
Consider the pairs of stucture (undirected (resp., directed) graphs) shown in Fig. 1. Suppose that the graphs are encoded in a database as explained above. For each pair, answer the following questions:
1. What is the smallest quantifier rank k for which the spoiler wins the k-move Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse game on the pair of structure?
2. Derive a Boolean first-order query from your winning strategy that is true on one structure but not on the other (you can use the equality relation between vertices).
Illustration: Find the solution to the subsequent IVP. ty' + 2y = t 2 - t + 1, y(1) = ½ Solution : Initially divide via the t to find the differential equation in
A number x is chosen at random from the numbers -3, -2, -1, 0 1, 2, 3. What is the probability that | x| Ans : x can take 7 values To get |x| Probability (| x |
Joey has 30 pages to read for history class tonight. He decided in which he would take a break while he finished reading 70% of the pages assigned. How many pages must he read befo
) Show that the following argument is valid: (~p ? q) => r s ? ~q ~t p => t (~p ? r) => ~s ------------------------ ? ~q 2) Show that the following argum
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in one point of the circle only one tangent can be drawn. prove
prove that s is bounded?
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Question 1: (a) Show that, for all sets A, B and C, (i) (A ∩ B) c = A c ∩B c . (ii) A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C). (iii) A - (B ∪ C) = (A - B) ∩ (A - C).
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