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How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
er diagram on cosmetics.
Explain the Cartesian product: The Cartesian product operation does not need relations to union-compatible. The meaning of this is that the involved relations may have dissim
What are advantages of object models? Object models are efficient for communicating with the application experts and reaching a consensus about the significant aspects of the p
(a) Provide the description of the following ODMG schema in the Object Definition Language (ODL). (b) Based on the above object database, write the following queries i
Multiple column Queries: Syntax: SELECT COLUMN1, COL2,...... FROM TABLE WHERE (COLUMN1, COL2, ...) IN (SELECT COLUMN1, COL2,.... FROM TABLE WHERE );
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation Data that is derived from other data should be stored in the computed form to avoid re-computation. For this, we could define
Shared lock or Read Lock It is requested by a transaction that needs to just read the value of data item. A shared lock on a data item does not permit an exclusive lock
Explain the concepts of relational data model? Relational Data Model - The relational model was first introduced through Prof. E.F. Codd of the IBM Research in the year 1970
Un-Normalized Form (UNF) If a table having non-atomic values at every row, it is said to be in UNF. An atomic value is something that cannot be further decomposed. A non-atomic
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