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Definition of CROSS JOIN - SQL
Let s = t1 CROSS JOIN t2, where t1 and t2 are table expressions optionally accompanied by range variables. Then:
Note: Here T denotes Table and R denotes Row
It follows that the degree of the result is the sum of the degrees of the operands and its cardinality is the product of their cardinalities, as with r1 TIMES r2.
What Is a Package? The package is a schema object that group logically related PL/SQL items, types, and subprograms. The Packages usually have 2 parts, a specification & a bo
Using Operator VALUE: As you may expect, the operator VALUE returns the value of an object. The VALUE takes its argument a correlation variable. For illustration, to return a
FETCH Statement The FETCH statement retrieve rows of data one at a time from the result set of the multi-row query. The data is stored in fields or variables which correspond t
Mixed Notation The fourth procedure call shows that you can mix the positional and named notation. In this situation, the first parameter uses the positional notation, & the s
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
Use Bulk Binds If SQL statements execute inside a loop using the collection elements as bind variables, context switching between the PL/SQL & SQL engines can slow down the ex
Special cases of projection This section describes the identity projection, r {ALL BUT}, and the projection on no attributes, r { }, which yields TABLE_DUM when r is empty, ot
%FOUND Until the SQL data manipulation statement is executed, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, the %FOUND yields TRUE, when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected o
Example of COALESCE operator Example: Give the total of marks for each exam (simplified solution) SELECT CourseId, COALESCE ((SELECT SUM (Mark) FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
Using a Join on 2 tables, select all columns and all rows from the tables without the use of a Cartesian product. Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1 JOIN CONTRACT ON EMPLOYEE
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