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Views in relational algebra:
1. Basic expression contains either
a) A relation in the database.
b) A constant relation.
2. General expressions are madde out of smaller sub expressions using
a) σp(E1) select (p a predicate)
b) ∏s(E1) project (s a list of attributes)
c) Px(E1)rename (x a relation name)
d) E1∪E2 union
e) E1- E2 set difference
f) E1x x E2 cartesian product
What is a database graph? The partial ordering implies that the set D may now be viewed as a directed acyclic graph, known as a database graph.
What are audit trails? An audit trail is a log of all alters to the database along with information like which user performed the change and when the alter was performed.
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What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
Determine Which is not a consequence of concurrent operations? Ans: Update anomaly.
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Differance between internal and external schema? Internal and external schema: Internal Schema • Describes the physical storage structure • Uses a physical data model External
What are the different kinds of database end users? Discuss the major activities of each? End-Users - End-users are the people whose jobs need access to the database for que
Java program for horrizontal fragmentation in distributed database
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