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Views in relational algebra:
1. Basic expression contains either
a) A relation in the database.
b) A constant relation.
2. General expressions are madde out of smaller sub expressions using
a) σp(E1) select (p a predicate)
b) ∏s(E1) project (s a list of attributes)
c) Px(E1)rename (x a relation name)
d) E1∪E2 union
e) E1- E2 set difference
f) E1x x E2 cartesian product
wh
Consider the join of a relation R with relation S. If R has m tuples and S has n tuples, then the maximum size of join is: If R has m tuples and S has n tuples then maximum siz
what is query processing ,query optimization and performance turring?
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
Data Replication "If a relation R has its copies kept at two or more sites, then it is considered replicated". But why do we replicate a relation? There are several advan
Process to find the non-concurrent objects Once we find out non-concurrent (mutually exclusive) objects, we can fold all objects together in one thread of process or control. O
what is primary key
Fourth Normal Form (4NF) When attributes in a relation have multi-valued dependency, further Normalization to 4NF and 5NF are needed. Let us first find out what multi-valued d
Explain how the associations are implemented as classes. A general approach in this case is to transform an association class into a simple class linked to two original classes
Explain controlled redundancy? Controlled redundancy : The replication of data within the data warehouse for the purposes of improved data access or understand ability.
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