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What do you understand by transitive dependencies? Define with an example any two problems that can take place in the database if transitive dependencies are available in the database.
Ans: Assume X, Y, and Z are the set of attributes. If X → Y and Y → Z afterwards the functional dependency X → Z is a transitive functional dependency. Alternatively, if a nonkey attribute is as well functionally dependent on the other nonkey attribute(s), then there is a transitive functional dependency. Transitive functional dependencies are as well cause the data redundancies and the other consequences. For instance, consider the subsequent relation:
CREATE TABLE CONTACTS
(CONTACT_ID NUMBER (5) PRIMARY KEY,
L_NAME VARCHAR (20),
F_NAME VARCHAR (20),
COMPANY_NAME VARCHAR (20),
COMPANY_LOCATION VARCHAR (50))
In the following relation, all the nonkey attributes are functionally dependent on the primary key, that is CONTACT_ID. But, there is as well a transitive functional dependency exists in the relation - CONTACT_ID COMPANY_LOCATION because CONTACT_ID → COMPANY_NAME and COMPANY_NAME →COMPANY_LOCATION. The result of transitive dependency, there are anomalies in the above relation like this:
What is 2NF? A relation schema R is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally dependent on primary key.
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