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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What are aggregate functions? And list the aggregate functions supported by SQL? Aggregate functions are functions that take a collection of values as input and return a one va
INTRODUCTION Databases and database systems have become an essential part of our daily life. We encounter many activities that involve some interaction with a database almost
Need for Multiple Access Paths In practice, most of the online information systems need the support of multi-key files. For example, consider a banking database application hav
Demonstrate the UML model Using UML, it is possible to generate code in any of the programming language from UML model (called forward engineering) and rebuild a model from an
Describe Parameteric end users? Parametric end users might be given update access, but are commonly not permitted to change the structure of data.
An ideal data dictionary should have everything a DBA wants to know about the database. 1 Conceptual, External, and internal database descriptions. 2. Descriptions of attr
Explain Data Dictionary in short?
What is Asterisk in SQL? Asterisk (*): In SQL, the columns for all the tables and views in the FROM clause will be displayed.
Which element in the database can modified by changing the data dictionary? Data elements in the database can be changed or modified through changing the data dictionary.
Explain what is Aggregation? Aggregation: Aggregation is an significant concept in database design whereas composite objects could be modelled during the design of database a
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