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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What types of adjustments are required to increase chances of inheritance. a) Some attributes can be added or ignored in the base class operation b) Some changes can be
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To do the division operation R1 ÷ R2, R2 should be a correct subset of R1. In the following example R1 have attributes A and B and R2 have only attribute B so R2 is a correct subse
What are the advantages of object ID? The main advantages of Object IDs are as below: i) IDs are not changing ii) IDs are completely independent of the changes in data v
When It is better to use files than a DBMS? It is better to use files than a DBMS when Multiple users wish to access the data.
I want to buy this but I want to see a couple sample questions first. http://www.expertsmind.com/library/what-happens-to-rms-error-for-the-training-data-set-51564843.aspx
Many-to-many : Entities in A and B are related with any number of entities from each other. Example: Taught_by Relationship among course and faculty. One faculty member ca
What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation? Atomicity : Either all actions are carried out or none are. Users should not have to worry about the effect of incomplete trans
What is NULL? Give an example to described testing for NULL in SQL? The NULL SQL keyword is used to represent either a missing value or a value which is not applicable in a re
Rules Of Data Normalisation Let us now summarise Normalisation with the help of various clean rules. The following are the necessary rules for the Normalisation process: 1.
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