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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Data independence seems that "the application is independent of the access strategy and storage structure of data". In other words, the ability to change the schema definition in o
Set Difference If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations or relations then result of R3 =R1- R2 is the relation that have only those tuples that are in R1 but not in R2.
Draw the database using the ER approach and then make the tables accordingly. Populate the tables so that every table have at least 10 tuples. Then using Java and SQL, execute the
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
What are the properties of transaction? There are three properties of transactions :- A) Atomicity B) Consistency C) Isolation
What are the different kinds of database end users? Discuss the major activities of each? End-Users - End-users are the people whose jobs need access to the database for que
Define NULL value NULL value NULL means something is unknown. It does NOT mean null (the digit 0). Null is as well employed as attribute value for a particular entity in which
Describe disk manager and their work? Disk Manager: Responsible for fetching data regulated through file Manager from disk storage within Main memory and deciding what data to
Normalize the following tables upto and including the 3NF. Submit a 1 page printout of only the final set of normalized tables in Data Architect. Just use Data Architect to do the
When It is better to use files than a DBMS? It is better to use files than a DBMS when Multiple users wish to access the data.
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