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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is called as recursive partitioning? The system repeats the splitting of the input unless each partition of the build input fits in the memory. Such partitioning is known
how to solve the C type problems?
Define Network DBMS The NDBMS is built primarily on a one-to-many relationship, but where a parent-child representation between the data items cannot be ensured. This may occur
What are the four main characteristics of the database approach? The four major characteristics of the database approach are: 1. Self-describing nature of a database system. 2.
Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department.
what is meant semantic query optimization? how does it differ from other query optimization techniques?
These are designed to reduce the effects of a database failure and make sure a database is restored to a consistent state if a failure does arise. Manual backup/restore utilities n
Logical Operators Rules of Precedence: Order evaluated Operator 1 All comparison operators 2
Explain the integrity constraints: Not Null, Unique, Primary Key with an example each. Is the combination 'Not Null, Primary Key' a valid combination. Justify. Not Null - Shou
The database is to record information about artists for a (music) production company. An artist is the name of a singer or band; the name of the artist, the year the artist started
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