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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Differentiate between logical database design and physical database design. Show how this separation leads to data independence? Basis Logical Databas
3. (10 points) Assume that you have been presented with the following relation for the Baxter Aviation database: Charters (Pilot#, Pilot name, Aircraft ID#, #seats, Village, Fligh
Aggregate functions Some of these functions are min, count, max, and avg. These functions help in getting consolidated information from a set of tuples. Example:
What are three components of the schema architecture proposed by ANSI/SPARC? The three component schema architecture proposed by ANSI/SPARC is as given below: External sche
Explain the disadvantages of creating a temporary table? If you have already created a temporary table with a shown name and attempting to create a second one with that nam
This constraint shows that the key attribute value in each tuple must be unique, i.e., no two tuples have the similar value for the key attribute. This is because the value of the
What is difference between primary index and secondary index? Primary Index a) It is an ordered file whose records are of fixed length along with two fields. b) Only base
What is the difference between serial and sequential files? How searching is applied on both? Ans: A serial file is one where the records have been stored in the order where
what is definition hierarchical data model
why are older data models are being replaced by new data models
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