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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Define According to the levels of abstraction, the schema at the intermediate level is called Ans: As per to the levels of abstraction, the schema at the intermediate level is
What is Derived and stored Attribute? Derived and Stored Attribute - In a few cases, two or more attribute values are associated, for example, Age and BirthDate attributes of a
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Consider the subsequent relation Professor (Pfcode, dept, head, time) It is assumed that (i) A professor can work in much more than one
Rules Of Data Normalisation Let us now summarise Normalisation with the help of various clean rules. The following are the necessary rules for the Normalisation process: 1.
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