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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What are the technique to define a schema completely ? A schema is completely define by DDL and DML query language.
What is the use of rename operation? Rename operation is used to rename both relations and an attributes. It uses the as clause, taking the form: Old-name as new-name.
10A.53 Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department. 10A.54 Code an Oracle Database trigger to allow the delet
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Explain recovery process after system failure using checkpoint. Ans: Checkpoint scheme or method is an extra component of the log based recovery system. This scheme is used to
In case of entity integrity, the primary key may be declared? In a case of entity integrity primary key may be not Null.
Fundamentals of Database Management 1. Explain the concept of Foreign Key. How a foreign key differs from a Primary Key? Can the Foreign Key accept nulls? 2. With a necess
Describe the static hash file with buckets and chaining and show how insertion, deletion and modification of a record can be performed. In static hash file organization, the wo
Consider employee table of (i) and list names of department(s) for which average salary for department is more than 10,000. (SELECT d_name FROM dept WHERE d_code IN (SELECT d_c
What is candidate key? Candidate Key - A candidate key of an entity set is a minimal superkey, which uniquely identifies each row in the relation.
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