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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Explain what is DDL? DDL - Data Definition Language: statements used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples: CREATE - to create objects in the database ALT
Creating views with check option : This option limits those updates of data values that cause records to go off the view. The following instance tells this in more detail: Examp
A database is a set of data. But, is the data kept in a database trustworthy? To answer that query we must first answer the question. What is integrity? Integrity simply means t
Define Network DBMS The NDBMS is built primarily on a one-to-many relationship, but where a parent-child representation between the data items cannot be ensured. This may occur
What is the error handling Traditionally, bits have been sent over line lacking any error correcting scheme in physical layer. The presence of the CPU in each modem makes it po
Concurrency issues Data integrity: Threads accessing same object need to be synchronized, such as: banking account. Deadlock: One or more threads in system are perman
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Define Forms Based Interfaces? Forms-Based Interfaces - A forms-based interface display a form to each user. Forms are commonly designed and programmed for naive users and inte
What is Specialization? Specialization: Specialization permits you to describe new types of information (new structural types or latest domains of information), although reusin
Timestamp Ordering Protocol A timestamp is a tag that can be attached to any transaction or any data item, which indicates a specific time on which the transaction or data item
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