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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is meant by log-based recovery? The most widely used structures for recording database changes is the log. The log is a sequence of log records, recording all the update a
With the linear commit protocol, sites are connected in a chain, and the subtransaction at the left-hand end of the chain initiates the protocol. Propose a crash recovery protocol
What are the difference between clustered and a non-clustered index? A clustered index is a special type of index that reorders the way records in the table are physically stor
Example : Create a sequence named SEQSS that starts at 105, has a step of 1 and can take maximum value as 2000. CREATE SEQUENCE SEQSS START WITH 105 INCREMENT BY 1 MAX VA
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Explain the Cartesian product: The Cartesian product operation does not need relations to union-compatible. The meaning of this is that the involved relations may have dissim
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Create centralized relational database using Top down method- Construction of Logical Model: Translation EERD into Relational Schema: Use the 8 steps algorithm of converting EERD
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Support by Adding Indexes Multiple indexes can be used to access a data file by multiple access paths. In such a scheme only single copy of the data is consider, only the numbe
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