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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
List the data structures implemented by the storage manager. The storage manager executes the following data structure a) Data files b) Data dictionary c) indices
Server Control It is usual to control access to the data via the front end application, for example by displaying data as ‘read only'. This part of the assignment illustrates ho
Using a labelled diagram explain the operation of the Data Warehouse, define the basic architectural components and outline the main functionalities. Briefly explain the role an op
Attribute Preservation This is a easy and obvious necessity that includes preserving all the attributes that were there in the relation that is being decomposed.
You are working for the ABC Telecom and are given some customer records for data mining. You are asked to discover, from the data, patterns that characterize low-, medium- and high
Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based crash recovery method is shadow paging. This technique requires fewer disk accesses than do the log-based methods.
There are three main sources of utilities and applications for a DBMS: a. Vendor applications and utilities are given for working with or maintaining the database, and generally
how the string works as keyword?
Describe Embedded Query Language? Embedded Query Language - A query language (e.g., SQL) can be implemented in two ways. It can be used interactively or embedded within a host
What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
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