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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is meant by normalization of data? It is a process of examining the given relation schemas based on their Functional Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to achieve the prop
Differentiate between strict two-phase and rigorous two-phase with conversion protocol Ans: Strict two-phase locking holds all its exclusive that is write locks until commit t
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random file sharing
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What is the use of integrity constraints? Integrity constraints make sure that changes made to the database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data consistency. The
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