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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Rearrange the Execution Order for Efficiency Rearranging execution order for efficiency means executing such job that requires less execution time. By rearranging the object
Control as State within Program 1. The term control exactly means to check effect of input within a program. For illustration, in Figure, after the ATM card is inserted (a
List some security violations (or) name any forms of malicious access. A) Unauthorized reading of data B) Unauthorized modification of data C) Unauthorized destruction of
Benefits of Hashed file Organisation 1. Insertion or search on hash-key is quick. 2. Best if equality search is required on hash-key. Drawbacks of Hashed file
1. Item based services will be charged fixed prices, and time-based will be charged variably depending on time. Such as per hour. Item-based: Fixed, pedicure, waxing, threading, fa
Question 1 Indexes are ocasionally defines on a single field of a file called an indexing field. List and describe the different types of indexes Question 2 Consider a book i
Relationship between Security and Integrity: Database security usually refers to access, while database integrity refers to avoidance of accidental loss of consistency. But usually
What is property - properties of a database ? It is an integrated collection of logically related records. It consolidates separate files into a common pool of data records and
Query Processor The query language processor is responsible for taking query language statements or shifting them from the English-like syntax of the query language to a form
List the data structures implemented by the storage manager. The storage manager executes the following data structure a) Data files b) Data dictionary c) indices
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