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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Explain the Query Processing Data Query Processing permits a user to report or analyze structured and unstructured data pulled from multiple data sources.
As with other software, databases can potentially be used for unethical purposes. As a database developer, and a consumer, you should recognize database misuse, and how it may affe
Using SQL create a view RS for the relations R and S. The view consists of the columns A and D renamed as X and Y in that order. Insert a tuple into it. Show the contents of t
Data Replication "If a relation R has its copies kept at two or more sites, then it is considered replicated". But why do we replicate a relation? There are several advan
Increased overheads on update : On the drawbacks side, it will need the system to ensure that all replicas of a relation are consistent. This shows that all the replicas of the rel
Problem : AirwaysCentre, an international airline booking company currently uses a relational database system for their operations, which includes the following relations: P
what is inverted and multilist structure
Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department.
Give an example of multiple inheritance. One example of multiple inheritance is a committee for students affair which include faculty and administrative staff member.
case study
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