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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What are the four main characteristics of the database approach? The four major characteristics of the database approach are: 1. Self-describing nature of a database system. 2.
After going by the database architecture, let us now dwell on an important query: how is the data organised in a database? There are a lot of basic structures that exist in a datab
Record based Logical Models: Use records as the key data representation components Examples: Relational Model: It shows data as well as relationship between data in the form
What are called multilevel indices? Indices with two or more levels are known as multilevel indices.
(a) What is a Sub-Query? (b) What is the difference between a scalar sub-query and a tabular sub-query? (c) Write an equivalent SQL statement to get the Name of Product wh
An object-oriented design process 1. Define the context and modes 2. Designs the system architecture 3. Identifies the principal system objects 4. Identifies concurrency in
In case of entity integrity, the primary key may be declared? In a case of entity integrity primary key may be not Null.
What is the used of specifying alias? Specifying alias: is used to rename column or attribute in a table.
I need to Map an E-R diagram to a relational schema
What is first normal form? The domain of attribute must contain only atomic (simple, indivisible) values.
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