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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is Data dictionary? A data dictionary is a reserved space in a database that is employed to store information about the database itself. A data dictionary may consist o
Q. Explain data aggregatio n and discuss different design constraints. Sol. Aggregation One limitation of the E-R model is that it cannot express relationships amon
Explain group By clause in SQL? Group By clause in SQL: The GROUP BY clause can be used in a SELECT statement to collect data across multiple records and group the results thro
Explain the cartesian product in Database Management System
BCNF Boyce-Codd Normal Form A relation schema R is in BCNF if it is in 3NF and accepts an additional constraint that for every FD X A, X has to be a candidate key. If a relati
can you create a database for me in oracle/sql
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
It defines that no primary key value can be null. This is as the primary key is used to recognize individual tuple in the relation. So we will not be able to recognize the records
Data Replication "If a relation R has its copies kept at two or more sites, then it is considered replicated". But why do we replicate a relation? There are several advan
why data in an RDMS need to be normalised
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