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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Relations create the database. They must satisfy various properties, like no duplicate tuples, no ordering of tuples, and atomic attributes, etc. Relations that satisfy these basic
In problems 1 - 4, you are given the columns of a table, and a set of functional dependencies. Determine the normal form of this table. Remember that the normal form is the HIGHE
Explain the Cartesian product: The Cartesian product operation does not need relations to union-compatible. The meaning of this is that the involved relations may have dissim
Let us first look into some of the important features of ER model. Entity relationship model is a high-level conceptual data model. It permits us to define the data invo
Describe the storage structure of indexed sequential files and their access method. Ans: Storage structure of Indexed Sequential files and their access: To achieve fast rand
Define reference file
Table_Name( attribute_1, attribute_2, attribute_3, ….. ,attribute_x) Primary Key ( attribute_1, attribute_2) Foreign Key attribute_4 References Table_Name_2 (repeat for each fore
draw ER diagram of student entity and course entity where attribute of student entity are student roll, student name, student phone and student address and attribute of course enti
What is a Built-in A notation of identity is built-into the data model or programming language and no user-supplied identifier is needed. This form of identity is used in objec
Explain Hierarchical Model ? Hierarchical Model - It was established to model several kinds of hierarchical organizations which exist in the real world. It uses tree structur
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