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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Define a relation ? Relation - A relations is a named two-dimensional table of data. Mathematically, a relation can be described as a subset of the cartesian product of a lis
What are uncommitted modifications? The immediate-modification technique permits database modifications to be output to the database whereas the transaction is still in the act
What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
What is the purpose of storage manager? The storage manager is responsible for the following a) Interaction with the file manager b) Translation of DML commands in to low
State about the Activity Diagram Activity diagrams show flow from one activity to other. It is an ongoing non atomic execution within a state machine. Activity finally results
What is the way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses? Sub schema is the way a particular application views the data from the data
What is a security? Securities are claims on financial assets. They can be illustrated as "claim checks" which give their owners the right to receive funds in the future. Sec
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Accessing information about permissions to all users- Object level permissions: With the use of data dictionary you can see the permissions to user. Let us get the table name fro
Determine the language that needs a user to specify the data to be retrieved with no specifying exactly how to get it is Ans: Non-Procedural DML
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