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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Describe in brief about DBMS ?
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
What is called query processing? Query processing refers to the range of activities included in extracting data from a database.
Critically explained the benefits and limitations of different database technologies with proper examples
Problem: ‘Users and Information system specialists need to spend inordinate amounts of time locating and gathering data' (Watson and Hal, 1998) Recent developments in the ar
The PROJECT operation The project operation is used to choose the records with specified attributes as discarding the others based on some related criteria. This is denotes as ∏
Partial Key : It is a group of attributes that can uniquely identify small entities and that are related to same base entity. It is sometime named as Discriminator. Altern
What is the role of ORDER By Clause? ORDER BY clause: The ORDER BY clause permits you to sort the records in your result set. The ORDER BY clause can just be used in select s
1. Which model is used to store data in tree structures Ans: Hierarchical model is used to store data in tree structures
Which are the two ways in which entities can participate in a relationship? Total and partial are the two ways in which entities can participate in a relationship
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