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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Describe the two alternatives for specifying structural constraints on relationship kinds? Relationship kinds have certain constraints in which limit the possible combination o
Consider entity type Employee with attributes empNumber (this is unique), empName, and the year when he/she was hired. An employee can either be a technical employee, a marketing e
What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to apply aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to
. Ashutosh Dubey who is the director of Gyan Gurukul want a three-level schema architecture for the Gyan Gurukul Company that provide better security also design a data abstraction
What are called index-sequential files? The files that are ordered sequentially with a primary index on the search key are known as index-sequential files
Funky Festivals Specification Funky Festivals organise music festivals which take place at various venues throughout the UK. A venue needs to be booked before a Festival can t
using the invoice table shown below,write the relational schema,draw a dependencies,inclunding all partial and transitive dependencies.assume that the table does not contain repeat
Deadlock Prevention One of the easiest approaches for avoiding a deadlock would be to obtain all the locks at the begin of the transaction. Though, this approach restricts conc
Consider a database schema consisting of four relations, whose schemas are: Product (maker, model, type) PC (model, speed, ram, hd, price) Laptop (model, speed, ram, hd, s
What is ODBC ? ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity which is also denoted by ODBC enable the integration of SQL along with a common-purpose programming language. ODBC expose data
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