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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Build a database application for a sports league. Assume your application is to keep track of teams and equipment that is checked out to teams. Explain the steps that is needed and
Durability : This property necessitates that once a transaction has committed, the changes made by it be never lost because of subsequent failure. Thus, a transaction is also a bas
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why older data models are being replaced by new data models.
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Define the basic operations of the relational algebra? Ans: Basic operators of relational algebra are: 1. Union (∪) - Selects tuples which are in either P or Q or in bot
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what is natural join?
Define Join and Outer Join and differentiate between them. Ans: Join - It generates all the combinations of tuples from two relations which satisfy a join condition. Oute
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