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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Explain the disadvantages of file oriented approach? In the oriented approach Applications are designed in isolation. Design of application is optimized for one application. In
Define various ways in which SELECT statement can be used for record selection Technology? SELECT gives you control over a number of aspects for record retrieval: 1) Which
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In E-R Diagram how derived attribute are represented ? In E-R Diagram By Dashed ellipse derived attribute are represented.
Explain the Management of Data Store Every system irrespective of its nature of application requires storing permanent data for consequent use in problem solving. Some objects
Explain Alternate key? Alternate Key - All the candidate keys except primary key are known as alternate keys.
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
When is UPDATE_STATISTICS command used? - When processing of large data is done, this command is used. - Whenever large number of modification, deletions or copy takes place
Consider employee table of (i) and list names of department(s) for which average salary for department is more than 10,000. (SELECT d_name FROM dept WHERE d_code IN (SELECT d_c
Define decision tree classifiers? As the name suggests decision tree classifiers use a tree: Every leaf node has an associated class, and every internal node has a predicate as
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