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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Consider the following relations: S (S#, SNAME, STATUS, CITY) SP (S#, P#, QTY) P (P#, PNAME, COLOR, WEIGHT, CITY) Give an expression within SQL for each of queries b
Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link cr
Define the term- Actors and Data Stores Actors: An actor is the active object which drives data flow graph by producing or consuming values. Actors are attached to inputs a
Explain the two constraints, check and foreign key in SQL along with an example for each. Give the syntax. CHECK constraint - CHECK constraint specifies an expression which
Explain in detail about Collaboration Diagrams Collaboration diagrams are interaction diagrams which emphasize structural organisation of an object that transmit and receive m
Problem 1. Create a PL/SQL program to insert data into student table and display the details of the student having Reg.No 1010 Writing a PL/SQL program to Insert data
a need some real life examples of database management systems three level of ANSI SPARC architecture life teacher and student ,company and employee or for NGO etc.
Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key The Employee Relation satisfies - First normal form - As it has no repeating groups. Second normal form - As it do not have multi-a
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Describe the iterative and incremental life cycle For an iterative and incremental life cycle, two criteria are process and time. The main components of showing a project devel
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