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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Strict 2PL :Though, this basic 2PL suffers from the trouble that it can result into loss of isolation / atomic property of transaction as theoretically speaking once a lock is rele
For each m:n relationship type R, we make a new table (say S) to represent R. We also contain the primary key attributes of both the participating entity types as a foreign key att
Example: Consider the following relations: ROLLNO NAME ADDRESS COURSE_ID 100 Ka
1. A company wants a report containing a breakdown of payroll by department. Input, which should be stored in 3 parallel arrays, includes each employee's department number, hourly
What is a B+-Tree index? A B+-Tree index takes the form of a balanced tree in which each path from the root of the root of the root of the tree to a leaf of the tree is of the
Haw does it work one database application
a. Construct a query around any one of the functional divisions you made in 4a such that if executed in the distributed design of 4 would require reconstruction of at least two ho
Secondary Indexes Let consider the student database and its clustering index and primary (only one will be applicable at a time). Now consider the state when the database is to
how to design tables
Describe Participation Constraints? Participation Constraints - The participation constraint exacts whether the existence of an entity depends on its being related to another
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