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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
A database is a set of data. But, is the data kept in a database trustworthy? To answer that query we must first answer the question. What is integrity? Integrity simply means t
An orchestra database consists of the following relations: CONDUCTS (conductor, composition) REQUIRES (composition, Instrument) PLAYS (Player, Instrument) Give the relational
Drawbacks of Database systems ?
What are the ways of obtaining the connection parameters? Hardwire the parameters into the program. Ask for the parameters interactively. Get the parameters
Creation of Indexes Automatically: When a primary key or Unique constraint is show in a table definition then a unique index is formed automatically. Manually: User can
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
Instructions: Follow the instructions below for completing this project: 1. Creating the Database: · Use the physical table descriptions given below to define and create each t
What are the aggregate objects in the data dictionary? Views Match codes Lock objects.
Find out the names and company names of all employees sorted in ascending order of company name and descending order of employee names of by which company. SELECT EMPLOYEE_NAME,
In a relation, tuples are not inserted in any definite order. Ordering of tuples is not defined as a part of a relation definition. Though, records may be structured later accordin
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