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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Heap files (unordered file) Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have
1. A company wants a report containing a breakdown of payroll by department. Input, which should be stored in 3 parallel arrays, includes each employee's department number, hourly
What is difference between primary index and secondary index? Primary Index a) It is an ordered file whose records are of fixed length along with two fields. b) Only base
Locks: Serialisabilty is just a test whether a given interleaved schedule is ok or has a concurrency related trouble. Though, it does not make sure that the interleaved concurrent
Problem: a) Briefly describe what you understand by Client-Server environment b) The File Server is a simple form of Client-Server. Describe the principles of the File Serve
What are stored and derived attributes? Stored attributes: The attributes keeps in a data base are known as stored attributes. Derived attributes: The attributes that are de
Suppose that in an organisation, an employee may do different roles in dissimilar projects. Say, RAM is doing coding in one project and doing designing in another. Suppose that the
The Conceptual Level or Global level The conceptual level presents a logical view of the complete database as a unified whole. It permits the user to bring all the data in th
waht is a repeating group?
Explain trivial dependency? Functional dependency of the form α ->β. is trivial if α C β. Trivial functional dependencies are satisfied by all the relations.
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