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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is primary Key Explain? Primary Key - Primary key is one of the candidate keys. It should be selected such in which its attribute values are never, or very rarely, chang
notes about update opreation
Company Database: a-)Here is the ER Model b-)Here is the Relational Model: IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR SOLUTION TYPE: ***THIS ASSIGNMENT WILL BE SOLVED BY THE
The Locking Protocol: To manage concurrency related problems we use locking. A lock is mainly a variable that is associated with a data item in the database. A lock can be located
Example :; transfers transfer_amount from x's account to y's account ; Supposes x&y both accounts exist TRANSACTION (x, y, transfer_amount) Start transaction IF X AND Y
Data Replication "If a relation R has its copies kept at two or more sites, then it is considered replicated". But why do we replicate a relation? There are several advan
How to design a formal and exact model How to design a formal and exact model of real-world problems by applying findings of analysis phase of OMT. The object design phase find
Define tuple variable? Tuple variables are used for comparing two tuples in the same relation. The tuple variables are explained in the from clause by way of the as clause.
The definition of the classes and operation can often be adjusted to increase the amount of inheritance". Justify the above statement. Adjustment of Inheritance The def
Question: i) Explain the terms data warehousing and data mining. ii) Discuss the importance of the following security principles that a digital firm should amongst others, n
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