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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Outer Join: The use of Outer Join is that it still joins those tuples that do not have matching values in common columns are also contained in the result table. Outer join places
Define Direct file organization? The direct file organization is employed to enhance the performance in accessing the records than sequential file organization. In direct file
Log based recovery: Let us first describe the term transaction log in the context of DBMS. A transaction log is a record in DBMS that remains track of all the transactions of a dat
When It is better to use files than a DBMS? It is better to use files than a DBMS when Multiple users wish to access the data.
Query Processor The query language processor is responsible for taking query language statements or shifting them from the English-like syntax of the query language to a form
Structure of Client Server Systems: In client/server architecture, clients show users who require services while servers give services. Both client and server are a combination of
Write short notes on domain relational calculus The domain relational calculus uses domain variables that take on values from an attribute domain rather than values for whole t
Define Atom of domain relational calculus An atom has the outline 1 , x 2 , ... , x n > -> r , in which r stands for a relation on n attributes and x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n ar
Explain Hashing techniques The hashing techniques can be categorized as: Static Hashing Techniques - In this method, the data can be viewed a collection of buckets, along with
what are information system hirarchy?
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