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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Two Phase Locking (2PL) The two-phase locking protocol having of two phases: Phase 1 : The lock acquisition phase : If a transaction T needs to read an object, it wants to
Question: (a) List four disadvantages of the File Processing System as compared to the Database Systems. (b) The integrity of a database is enforced by integrity rules. One
Concatenation operator Example : Printing name and job as one string as column name employees: SELECT ENAME||JOB "EMPLOYEES" FROM EMP;
What is self-transition? If there is a transition which goes back to same state, it is known as "self- transition." With a trigger action exit action would be executed f
In E-R Diagram how relationship type is represented ? In E-R Diagram relationship type is represented as a Diamond.
how the string works as keyword?
how many hourse have been spent on a certain project
The database files accept the actual data and are typically the biggest in size. Depending on their shape, the tables for all the user operation can go in one database file-but
Related fields in a database are grouped in which form? Related data fields in a database are grouped to form a data record. (A record is a collection of related fields)
What are ways of finding out either an update is required or not for derived attributes? The ways to find out an update is required or, not are as: Explicit update
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