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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Backward Recovery (UNDO): In this system the uncommitted changes made by a transaction to a database are undone. Instead the system is reset to the last consistent state of databa
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Define Physical and Logical independence Ans: Physical data independence: The ability to modify physical level without causing application program to be rewritten. Logic
Whenever the LIMIT clause will be used? LIMIT is used for the following kinds of problems: 1) Answering questions about first or last and largest or smallest 2) Splitting
example of bank
Determine Which is not a consequence of concurrent operations? Ans: Update anomaly.
An important first step to the statistical analysis of data is to "get to know your data". The following tasks should contribute to this. (a) To the right of the dataset cons
Explain the ANSI SPARC architecture The three-schema architecture is as well known as ANSI SPARC architecture. The aim of the three-schema architecture is to separate the user
what is Mapping Constraints? with examples
Question 1 What are the advantages of DBMS approach in managing data? Question 2 What are the services provided by a database system Question 3 List and briefly describe
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