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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Security And Integrity After Reading the concepts of database recovery in the last section, let us now deal with a vital concept that helps in minimizing consistency errors in
What is catalog in DBMS? Catalog - A relational DBMS maintains information about every table and index in which it contains. A catalog is a collection of special tables that st
Which operator is Cartesian product in relational algebra? Cartesian product in relational algebra is a binary operator. (It requires two operands. e.g., P X Q)
Failure Controlling Methods: Failures can be handled using different recovery methods that are talk about later in the unit. But the first question is doing we really require recov
write-set(T): Each data items that are written by a transaction T
discuss the purpose of the concurrency control?
Primary Index In primary index, there is a one-to-one relationship among the entries in the index table and the records in the major table. Primary index can be of two types:
Design a gennalization and specialization hierarchy for an automobile sales company
The ER diagram clearly showing the additional tables you have implemented. SQL table creation scripts for the tables you have set up. SQL scripts showing the sample data you
Entities Let us first be aware of the question: What are entities? An entity is an object of concern used to show the things in the actual world, e.g., table, car, bo
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