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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
The Second Normal Form (2NF) Definition: A relation is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and each non-key attribute is fully dependent on each candidate key of the relation. Some of th
I need an ERD created for any original database(can be on anything). It needs to be 3NF. I then need all the CREATE STATEMENTS, INSERT STATEMENTS(anything you can think of as long
One-way Associations When an association is traversed only in the one direction, then it is implemented as a pointer i.e.an attribute which contains an object reference. If mu
What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to be relevant aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to shape
Explain data independence ? Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level.
What does the extract statement do in extract datasets? The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
external and internal mapping with examples
External failure : A failure can also result because of an external cause, such as earthquakes, fire, floods, etc. The database must be duly backed up to avoid troubles occurring d
Advantages and disadvantages of icloud based storage
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