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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Question: a) Discuss the concept of data independence, explaining its importance in a database environment. b) To address the issue of data independence, the ANSI-SPARC t
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What are the two types of serializability? The two types of serializability is a) Conflict serializability b) View serializability
What is NULL? Simply NULL means not in value.
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Differentiate between various levels of data abstraction? Data Abstraction - Abstraction is the procedure to hide the irrelevant things from the users and represent the rele
In a Hierarchical model of data records are organized ? In the hierarchical model of data records are organized as Tree structure.
what is er digram given that example of hospital,bank and library er digram.
object oriented database
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