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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is Cardinality Ratio? Cardinality Ratios - The cardinality ratios for relationship kinds specifies the maximum number of relationship instances in which an entity can pa
1 NF Normal Form The domain of attribute must add only atomic (simple, indivisible) values First normal form (Minimal Form or 1NF) is a normal form need in database normalizat
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
We define a view in SQL through using the create view command. To describe a view, we must provide the view a name and must state the query in which computers the view. The form of
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Differentiate between horizontal & mixed horizontal fragmentation?
Illustrate the collaboration and relationship diagram A collaboration is the society of interfaces, classes and other elements which work together to provide some cooperative b
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