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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
what are information system hirarchy?
Create 1 experiment to demonstrate an aspect of query optimisation by using access-path structures (indexes), decomposition, or denormalisation. Once satisfied with your experiment
Explain Hierarchical Model ? Hierarchical Model - It was established to model several kinds of hierarchical organizations which exist in the real world. It uses tree structur
Describe the Composite Key Composite Key: Sometimes one key is not enough to uniquely recognize a row. E.g. in a single class Roll is enough to search a student, but in the w
Speedup Query Processing: A query that includes data at various sites can be split into sub-queries. These sub- queries can be implemented in parallel by various sites. Such parall
Strong entity set and weak entity set? Strong entity set and weak entity set: A strong entity set has a primary key. All tuples in the set are distinguishable through that key.
Explain the Cascadeless Schedule A cascadeless schedule is one in which for every pair of transactions Ti and Tj like that Tj reads a data item before written by Ti, the commit
WHAT IS DBMS
what are the topics in data management
A relation instance indicates as r is a collection of tuples for a given relational schema at a exact point of time. A relation state r of the relation schema R (A 1 ,A 2 ,.....
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