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Define the Two Phase Locking Protocol
This is a protocol that is used to make sure serializability of transactions. This protocol needs that every transaction issue lock and unlock requests in two phases:
Growing Phase: A transaction may acquire locks, but may not release any lock.
Shrinking Phase: A transaction may release locks, but may not acquire any new locks. Basically, a transaction is in growing phase. The transaction obtains locks as required. Just one time the transaction releases a lock, it comes in the shrinking phase, and it can issue no more lock requests. Two-phase locking makes sure conflict serializability, but does not make sure freedom from deadlock.
Query Processor The query language processor is responsible for taking query language statements or shifting them from the English-like syntax of the query language to a form
If R1 and R2 are two relations or functions, then the result of R3 = R1 × R2 is the combination of tuples that are in R1 and R2. The product is associative and commutative. Degr
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Having Clause with sub queries: First we have to recollect the GROUP BYclause. The following query searches the minimum salary in every department. SELECT DEPTNO, MIN (SAL)
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