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Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema.
Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest level of abstraction describing how the data are actually stored.
Logical schema: The logical schema explains the database design at the logical level, which explains what data are keeps in the database and what relationship exists between the data.
Indexed (Indexed Sequential) File Organisation It organises the file like a big dictionary, i.e., records are kept in order of the key but an index is stored which also allows
A View may be defined of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is instead inferred from one or more underlying base data table. T
What is OLAP? OnLine Analytical Processing (OLAP) is a Business Intelligence (BI) reporting system. OLAP gives the user with the capability to sum, count, average and do other
Analyzing Association Traversal Till now, we have supposed that associations are bi-directional. But in the case of traversal, it is in only one direction in any application,
Benefits of heap files 1. This is a easy file Organisation method. 2. Insertion is somehow capable. 3. Good for bulk-loading data into a table. 4. Best if file
Security And Integrity After Reading the concepts of database recovery in the last section, let us now deal with a vital concept that helps in minimizing consistency errors in
Explain Thomas' Write rule. Show how it is different from timestamp ordering protol Ans: In timestamp-based concurrency control the thomas Write rule is a rule. Given a Timest
courier company er-diagram
What are the four main characteristics of the database approach? The four major characteristics of the database approach are: 1. Self-describing nature of a database system. 2.
Explain query execution plan? - Optimizer available in SQL Server optimizes code to be effectively executed. - A query execution plan demonstrates how this optimizer would r
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