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Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema.
Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest level of abstraction describing how the data are actually stored.
Logical schema: The logical schema explains the database design at the logical level, which explains what data are keeps in the database and what relationship exists between the data.
1. Determine the set of minimal functional dependencies for the following data. The local bakery, Happy Cakes, needs your help designing a database that will support a kiosk in
Types Of Indexes One of the words used during the file organisation is the term index. In this part, let us describe this term in more detail. We find the index of keywords
normal forms
Foreign Keys and NULL Let us take the relation: DEPT DEPT ID DNAME BUDGET D1 M
Why is database design important?
Lost Updates : Suppose the two transactions T3 and T4 run simultaneously and they happen to be interleaved in the following way (suppose the initial value of X as 10000):
Properties of a Transaction A transaction has four main properties. These are: Atomicity Consistency Isolation or Independence Durability or Permanen
vertical fragmentation
Having clause This clause is used for producing conditions on grouped information. Example: Find maximum salary and department number of those departments where maxim
how many hourse have been spent on a certain project
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