Define the Query optimisation

The query parser commonly generates a standard initial tree to correspond to an SQL query, with no doing any optimization. Such type of a canonical query tree denotes a relational algebra expression that is extremely inefficient if executed directly. A query commonly has many possible execution strategies, and the process of choosing a appropriate one for processing a query is termed as query optimization. The major guidelines that are applied throughout query optimization are:

a. Combine a cascade of selections 

b. Combine a cascade of projections

c. Commute selection and projection

d. Commuting selection with join / cartesian product Commuting projection with join or cartesian product

e. Commute projection with set operations

f. Commute selection with set operations