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Define the Immediate Update
The immediate update methods may apply changes to the database on disk before the transaction arrives a successful conclusion. Though, these changes are usually recorded in the log on disk by force writing previous to they are applied to the database, making recovery still possible.
Define and differentiate between ordered indexing and hashing. Ans: Ordered indexing: To gain fast random access to records in a file, we can make of an index structure. Every
Differentiate between join and outer join? Outer joins return all rows from at least one of the tables or views mentioned within the FROM clause, as long as those rows get toge
In tuple relational calculus P1 → P2 is equivalent to ? A In tuple relational calculus P1→ P2 is equivalent to ¬P1 V P2. (The logical implication expression A B, meaning
Explain query execution plan? - Optimizer available in SQL Server optimizes code to be effectively executed. - A query execution plan demonstrates how this optimizer would r
Update or Modify operation alters the existing values. If these operations alter the value that is the foreign key also, the only check need is the similar as that of the Insert op
Discuss the problem of Spurious tuples and how we may prevent it. Ans: A spurious tuple is, mainly, a record in a database that gets created while two tables are joined bad
Every simple attribute of an entity type have a possible set of values that can be attached to it. This is known as the domain of an attribute. An attribute cannot have a value out
What are the three data anomalies that are similarly to take place as a result of data redundancy? Can data redundancy be completely eliminated in database approach? Why or why n
Q. What is relational algebra and calculus? Explain the relational algebra operators :- Selection and predicate, set operation, joins and division. Sol. Relational Algebra
Data Independence This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of sc
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