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Define the Immediate Update
The immediate update methods may apply changes to the database on disk before the transaction arrives a successful conclusion. Though, these changes are usually recorded in the log on disk by force writing previous to they are applied to the database, making recovery still possible.
Forward Recovery (Redo): In this system the committed changes made by a transaction are reapplied to a previous copy of the database. In simpler
(a) Explain briefly the three parts of a relational Model. (b) Contrast the following terms with an appropriate example: (i) stored attribute v/s derived attribute (ii) en
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
Discuss the types of integrity constraints in which must be checked for the update operations - Insert and Delete. Give examples. Insert operation can violet any of the subse
Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture. Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this: 1. Internal view is at the lowest leve
What are the General Transformation Rules for Relational operations? Ans: The transformation rules transform one relational algebra expression to AN EQUIVALENT ONE 1. E
Question: (a) One of the steps in the five-step problem-solving model is implementation. Implementation is considered a key step in the problem-solving model. A problem may be
What are the two approaches to store relations in distributed database? a) Replication b) Fragmentation
Which is an advantage of view? The Advantages of view is Data security, Derived columns and Hiding of complex queries
Give the forms of triggers? The triggering event can be insert or delete. For updated the trigger can state columns. The referencing old row as clause The referencing
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