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Define the Canonical cover
Ans: A canonical cover Fc for F is a set of dependencies like F logically implies all dependencies in Fc, and Fc logically entails all dependencies in F. Fc must have the subsequent properties:
Fc is minimal in certain sense - it does not consist of extraneous attributes, and it combines functional dependencies with similar left side. It is cheaper to test Fc than it is to test F itself.
Serialisability: Any schedule that makes the similar results as a serial schedule is known as a serialisable schedule. But how can a schedule are determined to be serialisable or n
What is meant by log-based recovery? The most widely used structures for recording database changes is the log. The log is a sequence of log records, recording all the update a
What are the typical phases of query processing
Increases efficiency : Data is stored close to most often used site, therefore retrieval would be faster. Also, data that is not required by local applications is not stored, there
Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema. Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest lev
Instructions: Follow the instructions below for completing this project: 1. Creating the Database: · Use the physical table descriptions given below to define and create each t
Define the phases of two phase locking protocol Growing phase: a transaction may get locks but not release any lock. Shrinking phase: a transaction might be release locks bu
If the insertion violates one or more constraints, then two alternatives are available: Default option: - Insertion can be discarded and the reason of refusal can also be ex
Serialisable Schedules: If the processes of two transactions conflict with each other, how to verify that no concurrency related problems have happened? For this, serialisability t
What is substitutability? Any method of a class-say A can equally well be adjured with any object belonging to any subclasses B of A. This characteristic leads to code reuse, a
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