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Q. Define Resistance in lumped-circuit?
An ideal resistor is a circuit element with the property that the current through it is linearly proportional to the potential difference across its terminals,
i = v/R = Gv, or v = iR
which is known as Ohm's law, published in 1827. R is known as the resistance of the resistor with the SI unit of ohms (), and G is the reciprocal of resistance called conductance, with the SI unit of siemens (S). The circuit symbols of fixed and variable resistors are shown in Figure, along with an illustration of Ohm's law. Most resistors used in practice are good approximations to linear resistors for large ranges of current, and their i-v characteristic (current versus voltage plot) is a straight line.
The value of resistance is determined mainly by the physical dimensions and the resistivity ρ of the material of which the resistor is composed. For a bar of resistive material of length l and cross-sectional area A the resistance is given by
where ρ is the resistivity of the material in ohm-meters ( · m), and σ is the conductivity of the material in S/m, which is the reciprocal of the resistivity.Metal wires are often considered as ideal
Question: a) Give one reason why a "subroutine" could be written into the body of the main program. b) With the help of the diagram below, write down the sequence of the ni
Q. What is the basic principle of oscillators? In an oscillating circuit, the amplitude of voltage or current oscillations decays with time owing to the dissipation of energy
This question is designed to give you practice in manipulating circuit equations using j notation, and to demonstrate that techniques that you have already studied in the d.c. c
Binary Coded Decimal to Decimal Conversions • Step1. Break up the Binary Coded Decimal number into 4 bit binary number, starting from the least significant binary bit. • Step2
Determine the node voltage by using KCL: Determine the node voltage V and then current flowing through each element by using KCL. Solution Apply KCL at the node whose
Q. Consider the toroid shown in figure made up of three ferromagnetic materials. Material a is nickel-iron alloy having a mean arc length la of 0.6 m; material b is medium silicon
Q. Consider the magnetic circuit shown in Figure. Assume the relative permeability of the magnetic material to be 1000 and the cross-sectional area to be the same throughout. Deter
If E b /N 0 = 20 in a coherent ASK system, find the value of Eb/N0 that is needed in a noncoherent ASK system to yield the same value of Pe as the coherent system.
1. A PCM system uses 8 bits per sample and the analog signal is limited to 4.3 kHz. The PCM data is transmitted using (a) BFSK and (b) ASK. Determine the bandwidth required for tra
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