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Define- relational algebra.
The relational algebra is a procedural query language. It having of a set of operations that take one or two relation as input and make a new relation as output.
Consistency error : These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overc
With the help of an example display how records can be deleted and updated in QBE. (i) Increase Pay_Rate of employees along with the skill of ‘cook' by 10%. (ii) Delete employee
Create centralized relational database using bottom up method. (a) Recognize a single un-normalized relation for the above scenario. (b) Recognize the primary key for
Which data manipulation command combines the records from one or more tables ? JOIN data manipulation command combines the records from one or more tables.
Describe the algorithm to draw the dependency graph? Ans: Algorithm to draw Precedence Graph is like this: a. For every transaction T i participating in schedule S, make
Special comparison operator used in where Clause a. between. ...and...It gives range among two values (inclusive) Example: SELECT ENAME, SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL BETWE
Attributes that are directly kept in the data base. For example, 'Birth date' attribute of a person. Derived Attributes that are not stored directly but can be derived
Fragmentation: It is definite as partitioning of a relation into various fragments.Every fragment can be stored at a dissimilar site.
Describe Query evaluation engine? Query Evaluation engine: Vehicle executes low-level instructions obtained through the DML compiler. The Storage Manager Components gives in
Shared lock or Read Lock It is requested by a transaction that needs to just read the value of data item. A shared lock on a data item does not permit an exclusive lock
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