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Define- relational algebra.
The relational algebra is a procedural query language. It having of a set of operations that take one or two relation as input and make a new relation as output.
case study
A relation instance indicates as r is a collection of tuples for a given relational schema at a exact point of time. A relation state r of the relation schema R (A 1 ,A 2 ,.....
client server architeutre
How are tables stored on Disk? We realise that every record of a table can have different amounts of data. This is due to in some records; some attribute values may be "zero".
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
Determine the Strong and Weak Entity Based on the method of foreign key, there might be arise a situation when we have to relate an entity having a primary key of its own and a
Describe how you can simplify Operations. To simplify operation, one should use inheritance, where possible to use, to reduce the quantity of distinct operations. Introduce new
This constraint shows that the key attribute value in each tuple must be unique, i.e., no two tuples have the similar value for the key attribute. This is because the value of the
what problems are raised by the database? why is it so controversial? why is data quality an issue?
What is a recovery scheme? An integral part of a database system is a recovery scheme that can restore the database to the reliable state that existed before the failure.
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