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Define- relational algebra.
The relational algebra is a procedural query language. It having of a set of operations that take one or two relation as input and make a new relation as output.
Explain nested relations? Nested relations The assumption of INF is a natural one in the bank examples we have considered. However, not all applications are best modelled
Define the Third Normal Form: The third normal form (3NF) is a normal form employed in database normalization. 3NF was initially defined by E.F. Codd in 1971. Codd's definitio
Create centralized relational database using bottom up method. (a) Recognize a single un-normalized relation for the above scenario. (b) Recognize the primary key for
Write a Query that uses the UNION Operator 1. Use the Software Experts database to: a. Display the first and the last name of all consultants who worked on any projects f
Define Thomas write rule Thomas' write rule: The Thomas' write rule is a modification of timestamp-ordering protocol for concurrency control. Assume that transaction T i issue
Describe the nested-loop join and block-nested loop join. Ans: The block nested- loop join algorithm is as described below: for every block B r of relation R do beg
What is a database graph? The partial ordering implies that the set D may now be viewed as a directed acyclic graph, known as a database graph.
Define Specialisation and generalization in brief? Specialisation / generalization: Generalization or Specialization represents the is a relationship set, an necessary element
How Relational Calculus is different from Relational Algebra? What do understand by TRC queries and DRC queries? Ans: Relational calculus contain two calculi, the tuple relati
The Database Approach In order to overcome the limits of a file system, a new approach was needed. Hence a database approach emerged. A database is a persistent collection of
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