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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What are the functions of an accumulator? The accumulator is the register associated with the ALU operations and sometimes I/O operations. It is an integral part of ALU. It hol
Outer Join: The use of Outer Join is that it still joins those tuples that do not have matching values in common columns are also contained in the result table. Outer join places
Define data conversion? Helpful to load data into temporary staging tables. Then can write SQL code to do much of data processing. SQL code is simpler and faster to write than
10A.53 Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department. 10A.54 Code an Oracle Database trigger to allow the
Define Cascading rollback The phenomenon where a single transaction failure leads to a series of transaction rollbacks is known as Cascading rollback.
What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation? Atomicity : Either all actions are carried out or none are. Users should not have to worry about the effect of incomplete trans
Identification of concurrency Identification of concurrency: Dynamic model identifies concurrency. Two objects are said to be parallel (concurrent) if they can receive events a
discuss the purpose of the concurrency control?
Record based Logical Models: Use records as the key data representation components Examples: Relational Model: It shows data as well as relationship between data in the form
Critically evaluate the bulleted list of information-related items in this case study. How are each contradictory to the notion of being an information-literate knowledge worker?
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