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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Submit SQL SELECT Statements to demonstrate several reports off your database, according to the following guidelines: You must submit at least 5 SELECT Statements. Each
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Critically explained the benefits and limitations of different database technologies with proper examples
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What is the meaning of Data independence? Data independence means a programs that are not dependent on the physical attributes of data and a programs that are not dependent on
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