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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What is called mirroring? The simplest approach to introducing redundancy is to duplicate each disk. This method is called mirroring or shadowing.
a) Distinguish between ‘database' and ‘Database Management Systems (DBMS)'. b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventio
Define Signal. It allows methods to respond to events triggered by themselves or by other processes. Each signal corresponds to an exacting event. A signal is represented in Sy
Define Boyce codd normal form A relation schema R is in BCNF with respect to a set F of functional dependencies if, for all functional dependencies in F + of the form.α ->β.
differences between a classified catalog and a dictionary catalog
(a) Design a query plan for the following distributed query: An application at site B wants to compute a join of STUDENT ? Id=StudId TRANSCRIPT where STUDENT (Id,Major) is at site
What is document scanning and imaging? Document scanning and imaging, or digital archiving, is the method of scanning a document into a digital image to archive and retrieve a
Explain the concept of Modeling With Objects A model is a conceptual representation of a specification, design or system from a particular point of view. A modelling language
average response time?
Name the metrics for selecting top algorithm There are a number of metrics for selecting top algorithm: i) Computational complexity: Computational complexity refers to eff
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