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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
To do the division operation R1 ÷ R2, R2 should be a correct subset of R1. In the following example R1 have attributes A and B and R2 have only attribute B so R2 is a correct subse
Design a gennalization and specialization hierarchy for an automobile sales company
What is an Operand? The data on which the operation is to be performed is known as an Operand
What is Primary key? Primary Key - Primary key is one of the candidate keys which uniquely identifies each row in the relation.
What are the reasons of bucket overflow? Explain any two methods for solving this problem. Ans: It is general for file structures to be divided into equal-length partitions, k
What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
Question: a) What is Client/Server and what benefits can be expected from Client/Server systems? b) Explain what middleware is and what it does. Why would MIS managers be p
Explain Instance and schemas? Instances and schemas: Databases changes over time as the information is deleted and inserted. The collection of information stored in database
The database files accept the actual data and are typically the biggest in size. Depending on their shape, the tables for all the user operation can go in one database file-but
Project Description: We have purchased facebook style chat software which we are using with our site. It is prepared in PHP but the rest of the site is developed asp.net. Iss
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