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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
You want to implement following relationships when designing tables. How would you do it? a.) One-to-one b.) One-to-many c.) Many-to-many a.) One-to-One relationship -
What is entity in DBMS? Entity: A DBMS entity is either a thing in the modelled world or a drawing element in an ERD.
what is un ordered and ordered file managment?
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
Write short notes on extension and intension? In any data model, it is significant to distinguish among the description of the database and the database itself the description
Why a report generator is used ? Report generator is used for print files on paper.
What are the different kinds of database end users? Discuss the major activities of each? End-Users - End-users are the people whose jobs need access to the database for que
Question : (a) Differentiate between database integrity and database security (b) Database security involves measures to avoid loss of privacy and loss of confidentiality. D
What are the three classes of SQL expression? SQL expression consists of three clauses: Select From Where
What is a relationship called when it is maintained between two entities? A relationship is called Binary relationship when it is maintained between two entities.
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