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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
what is completeness constrent?
What's the difference between a primary key and a unique key? Both primary key and unique key enforces uniqueness of the column on which they are explained. But by default prim
What is Identity? Identity (or AutoNumber) is a column that automatically produces numeric values. A start and increment value can be set, but most DBA leave these at 1. A GUID
Define blocks? The database system resides eternally on non-volatile storage, and is into fixed-length storage units known as blocks.
Distributed query and transaction processing a. Construct a query around any one of the functional divisions you made in 4a such that if executed in the distributed design of 4
What are called multilevel indices? Indices with two or more levels are known as multilevel indices.
Some disadvantages of File Oriented System ?
Explain Growing Phase of locking Growing Phase: In this phase the transaction can only obtain locks, but cannot release any lock. The transaction enters the growing phase as so
Define the Immediate Update The immediate update methods may apply changes to the database on disk before the transaction arrives a successful conclusion. Though, these change
Assume that you are responsible for selecting a new DBMS product for Sohar Hospital
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