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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Which language has presently become the defacto standard for interfacing application programs along with relational database system? The language which has recently become the
What is Multivalued Attribute? Multivalued Attribute - Multivalued attribute might have more than one value for an entity. For instance, PreviousDegrees of a STUDENT.
Discuss along with examples about several types of attributes present in the ER model? Types of Attributes are: • SIMPLE attributes are attributes which are drawn from the ato
Explain weak and strong entity type ? Weak and Strong entity type: An entity set which does not have a primary key is referred to as a weak entity set. The existence of a wea
What are the two methods for dealing deadlock problem? The two procedures for dealing deadlock problem is deadlock detection and deadlock recovery.
why three level architecture had been developed/
explain equi-join using illustration
An example of a weak entity is Staff because the availabilityID cannot be uniquely identified unless it is used in conjunction with the foreign key known as availabilityID in the A
3 assignments combined in 1
The Conceptual Level or Global level The conceptual level presents a logical view of the complete database as a unified whole. It permits the user to bring all the data in th
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