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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
The insertion of a tuple in the aim of reference does not cause any destruction. Though, insertion of a tuple in the relation in which, we has the foreign key, for instance, in ASS
In E-R diagram how generalization is represented? in E-R diagram generalization is represented by Triangle shape.
All edges of a cube are expanding at a rate of 6 centimeters per second. How fast is the surface area changing when each edge is (a) 2 centimeters and (b) 10 centimeters?
I have to solve a problem using access
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Logical Operators Rules of Precedence: Order evaluated Operator 1 All comparison operators 2
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Question: This question refers to the database schema. a) Express the following queries in SQL: (i) Write the SQL code that will create the table Company. Your answer sh
Describe the definition of a transaction in SQL Ans: The SQL transaction starts implicitly. Transactions are finished by either Commit work that commits the transaction and st
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