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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
The Database administrator (DBA) uses the data dictionary in each phase of a database life cycle, beginning from the data gathering phase to the design, execution and maintenance p
Explain the function of input controls. Identify four types of input control and explain the function of each. Provide an example of a data integrity error that could occur i
Group By clauses • It is used to group database tuples on the basis of definite common attribute value like as employees of a department. WHERE clause still can be used
Database systems have many opposite efforts ?
Hashed File Organisation Hashing is the most common form of purely random access to a database or file. It is also used to access columns that do not have an index as an optimi
Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key The Employee Relation satisfies - First normal form - As it has no repeating groups. Second normal form - As it do not have multi-a
We will explain here an example database application having COLLEGE database and use it in showing several E-R modelling concepts. College database remains track of faculty, Stu
Architectural standard: Designation : Architect , Consultant Job Profile : As a part of Oracle Fusion Middleware at Satyam, I am involved with Presales, Delivery, A
Determine the Strong and Weak Entity Based on the method of foreign key, there might be arise a situation when we have to relate an entity having a primary key of its own and a
a method named WonGame that checks each letter in the word is matched by its label
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