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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Can we delete data element, which is being used by table fields. No we cant delete data element.
Define the Boyce-Codd Normal Form with instance and also Compare BCNF and 3NF. Ans: BCNF: For each functional dependency X->Y in a set F of functional dependencies over relati
An ideal data dictionary should have everything a DBA wants to know about the database. 1 Conceptual, External, and internal database descriptions. 2. Descriptions of attr
describe objectivde of file organisation
Question: In relation to distributed database answer the following questions: (i) Give a brief definition of distributed database. Support your answer with an appropriate di
ER diagram on cosmetics
HOW TO SOLVE THE LP Problems by simplex method?z=x1+-3x2+2x3
Sub query in the UPDATE command : Example : //Double the commission for employees, who have got at least 2 increments. UPDATE EMP SET COMM = COMM * 2 WHERE
Define Catalog and meta data ? A catalog is a compilation of records elaborating the contents of a particular collection or group of collections. Metadata (Meta data, or someti
INSERT INTO command : Values can be inserted for all columns or for the selected columns Values can be given by sub query. In place of values parameter substitution
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