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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What is primary Key Explain? Primary Key - Primary key is one of the candidate keys. It should be selected such in which its attribute values are never, or very rarely, chang
how to write a in a text and load it on mysql
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In Database software have only pure security or some dis secured by administrator?
What does conceptual design work? A conceptual design involves modelling independent of the DBMS.
What is equi join? Equi Join - It generates all the combinations of tuples from two relations which satisfy a join condition along with only equality comparison (=).
can you please explain with the help of suitable example the difference between conflict equivalence and conflict serializability?
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