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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Relationship between Security and Integrity: Database security usually refers to access, while database integrity refers to avoidance of accidental loss of consistency. But usually
QUESTION (a) Consider a car database consisting of car model, car make, car origin, Engine capacity, color, cost.
What is persistency? Persistency ensures which data is stored and that after the object is no longer available (program stops running) the data will be available to other users
The primary key is selected from the
(a) Explain briefly the three parts of a relational Model. (b) Contrast the following terms with an appropriate example: (i) stored attribute v/s derived attribute (ii) en
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Prepare a data flow diagram for computing the volume and surface area of a cylinder. Inputs are the height and radius of the cylinder. Outputs are the volume and surface area of th
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how the string works as keyword?
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