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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?. Predicates in the WHERE clause applies to every tuple while the predicate in the HAVING clause applies to groups.
each publisher has uniqe name a mial addrs are also kept on each pubisher.a publisher publish one book.a book publish y one publisher.book identified by isbn.each book writn by one
Define a view and a trigger. Construct a view for the above relations that have the information about suppliers and the elements they supply. The view holds the S#, SNAME, P# , PNA
Deadlock And Its Prevention: As seen earlier, though two phase locking protocol handles the trouble of serialisability, but it causes some troubles also. For instance, consider th
Using your cache simulator and using smalltex.din as your memory trace determine the total miss rate, compulsory miss rate, capacity miss rate, and conflict miss rate for the follo
Define Direct file organization? The direct file organization is employed to enhance the performance in accessing the records than sequential file organization. In direct file
Explain Strict Two-Phase locking A transaction T does not release any type of its exclusive (X) locks until that transaction commits or aborts. In this method no other transact
Design a gennalization and specialization hierarchy for an automobile sales company
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Question: (a) One of the steps in the five-step problem-solving model is implementation. Implementation is considered a key step in the problem-solving model. A problem may be
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