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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Define Catalog and meta data ? A catalog is a compilation of records elaborating the contents of a particular collection or group of collections. Metadata (Meta data, or someti
Give Concurrent sub states diagram for the classroom and exam held. In Figure, simultaneous substrates have been taken. After passing Minor 1 test you could give Minor 2 test. T
Why Like predicate used for? LIKE predicate: The LIKE predicate searches for strings in which have a certain pattern.
Group By clauses • It is used to group database tuples on the basis of definite common attribute value like as employees of a department. WHERE clause still can be used
Define garbage collection. Garbage may be formed also as a side effect of crashes. Periodically, it is essential to find all the garbage pages and to add them to the list of fr
What exactly is the concept of Functional Dependencies? And how do we associate this concept with the logic of Super-keys, Candidate Keys, etc? Given Relation R(A,B,C,D,E) with de
Define multivalued dependency and 4NF. Ans: Multivalued Dependency - Assume R be a relation schema and let α ⊆ R and β ⊆ R. The multivalued dependency α →→β holds o
#question. Draw a picture of a moving source and the waves surrounding it according to what you observed in this experiment. How does the spacing of the wave-fronts in front of the
1. Create the tables for the play-scheme database as specified in the TMA. 2. Enter the data as given in the spreadsheet. 3. Create queries to retrieve specified information
what are the reasons having variable length records
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