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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Illustrate the class diagram for class room scheduling system If in any college, the number of classrooms are limited which have to be allocated to various classes and instruct
A database is to be constructed to remain track of the teams and games of a sport league. A team has a number of players, not all of whom participate in every game. It is desired
Explain the Cascadeless Schedule A cascadeless schedule is one in which for every pair of transactions Ti and Tj like that Tj reads a data item before written by Ti, the commit
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multidimensional data model
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1. Create a subroutine that does the remote blast on the file protein.fa. 2. Pass that returned files from the blast to another subroutine that parses the output and sends it to
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