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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
What is advantage of two-way association? Two-way association advantages are following: a) Independent of the classes. b) Useful for existing predefined classes that are
Problem: A DBMS built for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) is usually regarded as unsuitable for data warehousing. Each system is designed with a different set of requireme
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why data in an RDMS need to be normalised
Increases efficiency : Data is stored close to most often used site, therefore retrieval would be faster. Also, data that is not required by local applications is not stored, there
Explain the EXEC statement in SQL Ans: All statements which start with EXEC SQL are embedded SQL database statements. High level languages such as C can be employed to write a
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Explain algorithm of ER To Relational Mapping ? ER-to-Relational Mapping Algorithm: 1) Step 1: Mapping of regular entity types: For each strong entity type E, form a relatio
Mention the various user privileges All privileges directly granted to the user or role. All privileges granted to roles that have been granted to the user or role.
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