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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
limitations and benefits in database tecknowlagy
Explain the systems development life cycle. This is the traditional method to develop, maintain, and replace information systems that contains the project identification and se
a. Define the term "deadlock". There are four conditions that must hold before deadlock is possible. Name them. b. Outline an algorithm that detects whether there is a deadlock.
Natural Join : It is the similar like Equi join except one of the duplicate columns is removed in the result table. The natural join is the most usually used form of join operation
What is a checkpoint? List the operations to be performed by the system when a checkpoint is to be taken. What does the recovery system do if there is a crash? There is large n
Client Server Databases- The concept behind the Client/Server systems is simultaneous, cooperative processing. It is an approach that presents a one systems view from a user's vie
(a) Provide the description of the following ODMG schema in the Object Definition Language (ODL). (b) Based on the above object database, write the following queries i
What are the uses of the information in the Data dictionary? The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary: Information on fields displayed with
What is the aim of logical schema ? The main motive of the logical schema is to ensure the portability of procedures and models on various physical schemas at runtime.
What is a Transaction? A transaction is an event which happens on the database. Generally a transaction reads a value from the database or writes a value to the database. If y
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