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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Hashed File Organisation Hashing is the most common form of purely random access to a database or file. It is also used to access columns that do not have an index as an optimi
Describe Hashing in DBMS? Hashing: Hashing is a technique to store data within an array so which storing, searching, inserting and deleting data is fast (in theory it's O(1))
Determine the advantage of object-orientation Finally, object-orientation has advantage of continuity throughout analysis, persistent representation and design implementation.
Define the terms entity, attribute, role and relationship between the entities, giving examples for each of them. Ans: Entity: An entity is a "thing" or "object" in th
The ABC Bank authority now wants to create a database for their customers. So you are requested to modify your program of Assignment A3 as follows. The main program first displa
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
Normalize the given relation to 3NF, justifying each step
sy bcs project of hospital managment system
What is the need for triggers? Triggers are useful mechanisms for alerting humans or for starting particular tasks automatically when particular conditions are met.
How many physical thing?
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