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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
can you please explain with the help of suitable example the difference between conflict equivalence and conflict serializability?
what are the states of transaction?
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Consistency: This property makes sure that a complete transaction implementation takes a database from one consistent state to another consistent state. If the transaction fails e
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Explain current page table and shadow page table. The key idea behind the shadow paging method is to maintain two page tables during the life of the transaction: the current pa
a. Construct a query around any one of the functional divisions you made in 4a such that if executed in the distributed design of 4 would require reconstruction of at least two ho
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