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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
In the architecture of a database system which external level used? In the architecture of a database system view external level used.
Authorisation Authorisation is the culmination of the administrative policies of the organisation. As the name shows, authorisation is a set of rules that can be used to verif
The traffic data mgmt. systems infrastructure plan describes the software, hardware, data network, and other elements that will support the TDMS. The infrastructure plan is based o
crete a data base relationship model Entity: Students; Professors; Dormitories buildings; Attributes of students: Name; Address; Dorm;
Entity types that do not have any key attribute, and therefore cannot be identified independently, are known as weak entity types. A weak entity can be recognized uniquely only by
Define NULL value NULL value NULL means something is unknown. It does NOT mean null (the digit 0). Null is as well employed as attribute value for a particular entity in which
joins
State about the Tables- DBMS Data is stored in columns and rows (much like a spreadsheet -main difference is how data is organised). Every row in a table is known as a record
Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed? Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.
random file sharing
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