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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Explain the dependency relationship of object oriented A dependency is a relationship which states that a change in specification of one thing can affect another thing, but n
Logical Operators Rules of Precedence: Order evaluated Operator 1 All comparison operators 2
In a relational model how relations are termed? In a relational model, relations are termed as tables. (The term ‘relation’ is the technical name of the ‘table’ in RDBMS)
Whst is logical schema ? Logical schema is the entire database.
prototype of a distributed information system for a national car part retail outlet chain.
Describe Participation Constraints? Participation Constraints - The participation constraint exacts whether the existence of an entity depends on its being related to another
What are the difference between clustered and a non-clustered index? A clustered index is a special type of index that reorders the way records in the table are physically stor
Design an EER schema for the following application and translate the EER schema into relational schemas (and constraints). It is possible that some requirements cannot be captured
Differentiate between a Global and a Local temporary table? - A local temporary table exists only for the duration of a connection or if defined inside a compound statement, fo
Identify the need and use of data control through problem solving, illustration
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