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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
How does Oracle act as ODBC and give examples of front end uses with ODBC? ODBC achieve portability at the level of the executable by introducing an extra level of indirection.
why three level architecture had been developed/
What are the advantages of creating a table from existing table?
WHERE and HAVING clause in SQL ? The WHERE clause is commonly used for implementing conditions on each tuple of the relation. The HAVING clause is used in combination along wi
How to create a biological database based on viruses. How to decide which attribute should be there in the table and schema? How to identify the primary keys, foreign keys, domain,
MySQL Database Merge Project Description: I have two databases, I need merge the data of one database into another Work to be done online right now. Payment can be done
Define query language? A query is a statement requesting the retrieval of information. The portion of DML that includes information retrieval is known as a query language.
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
What is the way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses? Sub schema is the way a particular application views the data from the data
Q. Describe how an ER schema can be represented by relation schemas and constraints arising from ER design can be mapped to constraints on a relation schema. The entity rela
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