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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Data Base Management System 1. Draw the Architecture of MySQL and explain about its subsystems briefly. 2. Elaborate with the help of an example the concept of Primary key a
Question: The following relational database schema corresponds to a part of a database used by the Registry Department of a university. DEPARTMENT (d#, d-name, head-of-dept)
Need for Multiple Access Paths In practice, most of the online information systems need the support of multi-key files. For example, consider a banking database application hav
Define garbage collection. Garbage may be formed also as a side effect of crashes. Periodically, it is essential to find all the garbage pages and to add them to the list of fr
differences between a classified catalog and a dictionary catalog
This language that enable user manipulate to or access data as organized by appropriate data model. Low level or Procedural DML : DML needs a user to specify what data ar
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Describe the algorithm to draw the dependency graph? Ans: Algorithm to draw Precedence Graph is like this: a. For every transaction T i participating in schedule S, make
QUESTION (a) Consider a car database consisting of car model, car make, car origin, Engine capacity, color, cost.
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