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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
Conflicting Operations in Schedule: The three simple ways of interleaved instruction implement of transactions T1 and T2. Please note that in the following tables the first col
Benefits: It limits data access. It makes difficult queries look easy. It permits data independence. It presents dissimilar views of the similar data.
Question: (a) Use the following business rules to produce the E-R diagram. You should clearly show all the minimum and maximum cardinality constraint on each side of the relati
The Internal or Physical Level The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is t
After going by the database architecture, let us now dwell on an important query: how is the data organised in a database? There are a lot of basic structures that exist in a datab
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What are the different strategies of implementation of the Statecharts? There are two strategies for implementation of state charts: i) Basic Implementation Strategy
Explain Candidate Key and Super Key A super key is a set of one or more than attributes that, taken collectively, permits us to identify uniquely a tuple in the relation. Wher
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