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Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these?
Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in the view(s) above. There are two sorts of data independence: logical and physical. The meaning of Logical data independence is that the conceptual view can be changed without influencing the existing external view, that is a given record may be spilt or combined along with other records but the external views need not be modified to reflect this. The meaning of Physical data independence is that the physical storage structures or devices employed to store the data can be changed without effecting the existing conceptual view or external view, that is if earlier indexed sequential files are employed to store data and then the B- trees are used, even then the upper layers must not be effected.
The database depicted in the Visio diagram describes Proceeding , Article , Researcher , article PublishedIn a proceeding, article WrittenBy researchers and proceedings Edi
The ABC Bank authority now wants to create a database for their customers. So you are requested to modify your program of Assignment A3 as follows. The main program first displa
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UNION If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations then R3 = R1 ∪ R2 is the relation having tuples that are either in R1 or in R2 or in both. In case, R3 will have tuples
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what do you understand by enhanced entity-relationship
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What is the role of ORDER By Clause? ORDER BY clause: The ORDER BY clause permits you to sort the records in your result set. The ORDER BY clause can just be used in select s
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