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Define null values.
In some cases a certain entity may not have an applicable value for an attribute or if we do not know the value of an attribute for a certain entity. In these cases null value is used.
what is 3nf
Why containment is important in oosystems? Containment is an significant concept in oosystems because it allows dissimilar users to view data at different granularities.
Write short notes on domain relational calculus The domain relational calculus uses domain variables that take on values from an attribute domain rather than values for whole t
What is authorization graph? Passing of authorization from single user to another can be shown by an authorization graph.
In tuple relational calculus P1 → P2 is equivalent to ? A In tuple relational calculus P1→ P2 is equivalent to ¬P1 V P2. (The logical implication expression A B, meaning
(a) Differentiate between information and data . (b) List and briefly explain five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems. (c) Diff
What is a Built-in A notation of identity is built-into the data model or programming language and no user-supplied identifier is needed. This form of identity is used in objec
define locking in simple language and decribed it
What is the difference between serial and sequential files? How searching is applied on both? Ans: A serial file is one where the records have been stored in the order where
Describe the four main ways of optimising disk block access. Ans: a. Disk b. Non-volatile writes buffers c. File organization (Clustering) d. Log-based file system
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