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Normalization:It is a process of examine the given relation schemas based on their primary key and Functional Dependencies (FDs) to achieve the properties
Database normalization is the process of arranging the tables and fields of a relational database to minimize dependency and redundancy. Normalization generally adds dividing large tables into smaller tables and describing relationships between them.
design a generalization specialization hierarchy for a motor vehicle sales company. the company sells motorcycles, passenger cars, vens and buses.
Illustrate the statement 'Projection operation distributes over the union operation'. Give an example. Ans: Π L (E 1 ∪ E 2 ) = (Π L (E 1 )) ∪ (Π L (E 2 )) This says th
Define Timestamp ordering Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number
What is System R? What are its two major subsystems? System R was intended and developed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Center. It is a prototype and its pur
Express the subsequent query in SQL assumes which the data is stored within EMPLOYEE table with relevant fields (i) Display name, job, salary, and hire date of employee who are
What are domain constraints? A domain is a set of values that might be assigned to an attribute .all values that appear in a column of a relation must be taken fro
Special comparison operator used in where Clause a. between. ...and...It gives range among two values (inclusive) Example: SELECT ENAME, SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL BETWE
What are the Requirements of algorithm designer Algorithm designer should: i) Select proper algorithm so as to minimize implementation cost ii) Find most appropriate d
What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to be relevant aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to shape
User error : This contains errors in the program (e.g., Logical errors) with errors made by online users of database. These types of errors can be avoided by applying some check
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