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Define instance and schema?
Instance: Collection of data stored in the data base at a certain moment is
Schema: The overall design of the data base is known as the data base schema.
The JOIN operation is applied on two relations. When we want to choose related tuples from two given relation join is used. The join operation need that both the joined relations m
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
Explain several types of constraints that can be specified using CREATE TABLE command. Explain CASCADE and RESTRICT clauses of DROP SCHEMA command? Constraint Description PRIM
Define Physical and Logical independence Ans: Physical data independence: The ability to modify physical level without causing application program to be rewritten. Logic
Explain the Cascadeless Schedule A cascadeless schedule is one in which for every pair of transactions Ti and Tj like that Tj reads a data item before written by Ti, the commit
3NF Normal Form A relation schema R is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and for each FD X A either of the following is true X is a Super-key of R. A is a prime attribute of R
What do you mean through integrity constraints? Integrity Constraints -An integrity constraint is a condition specified on a database schema and restricts the data in which
(a) Why did SAP introduce the extended star schema?
what is natural join?
Describe Embedded Query Language? Embedded Query Language - A query language (e.g., SQL) can be implemented in two ways. It can be used interactively or embedded within a host
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