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Define entity integrity and referential integrity. How does SQL allow specification of these?
Ans: Entity Integrity Rule- If the attribute A of relation R is a prime attribute of R after that A cannot accept null values.
Referential Integrity Rule- In referential integrity, it is made sure that a value that appears in one relation for a given set of attributes as well appears for a particular set of attributes in another relation.
In SQL, referential integrity and entity integrity rules are implemented as constraints on the relation known as reference Key constraint and primary Key constraint correspondingly.
These constraints can be fixed with relation at the time of creation of the relations or after the creation of the relations by altering the definition of the relations. For instance:
A Relation Schema represented by R(A1, A2, ..., An) is made up of the relation name the list of attributes and R Ai that it contains. A relation is described as a set of tuples
Explain the ANSI SPARC architecture The three-schema architecture is as well known as ANSI SPARC architecture. The aim of the three-schema architecture is to separate the user
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Attribute Preservation This is a easy and obvious necessity that includes preserving all the attributes that were there in the relation that is being decomposed.
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