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Data independence seems that "the application is independent of the access strategy and storage structure of data". In other words, the ability to change the schema definition in one level could not change the schema definition in the next higher level. Two kinds of Data Independence:
The primary key is selected from the
Express the subsequent query in SQL assumes which the data is stored within EMPLOYEE table with relevant fields (i) Display name, job, salary, and hire date of employee who are
Consider the following relational scheme: R (a,b,c,d,e,f) and its corresponding set of FDs {d→ a, be → c, ac → e, b → f, f → d, a → c}. a. Is the following decomposition i) non
Need 2 projects completed in 3NF format.
Isolation or Independence : The isolation property shows that the updates of a transaction should not be visible till they are committed. Isolation assurance that the progresses of
What are called index-sequential files? The files that are ordered sequentially with a primary index on the search key are known as index-sequential files
What is DAG? The class-subclass relationship is shown by a directed acyclic graph.eg: employees can be temporary or permanent. We might be create subclasses temporary \and perm
What is primary Key Explain? Primary Key - Primary key is one of the candidate keys. It should be selected such in which its attribute values are never, or very rarely, chang
Determine the advantage of object-orientation Finally, object-orientation has advantage of continuity throughout analysis, persistent representation and design implementation.
Define According to the levels of abstraction, the schema at the intermediate level is called Ans: As per to the levels of abstraction, the schema at the intermediate level is
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