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Data independence seems that "the application is independent of the access strategy and storage structure of data". In other words, the ability to change the schema definition in one level could not change the schema definition in the next higher level. Two kinds of Data Independence:
Analyzing Association Traversal Till now, we have supposed that associations are bi-directional. But in the case of traversal, it is in only one direction in any application,
List the Armstrong's axioms for functional dependencies. What do you understand by soundness and completeness of these axioms? Ans: The Armstrong's axioms are: F1:
What are the various symbols used to draw an E-R diagram (any 3)?
Chapter 10a review questions
I have to solve a problem using access
Objectives After reading this part, you should be able to: Modify, create, and delete database schema objects; Update database using SQL command; Retrieve data f
Explain the Recoverable Schedule A recoverable schedule is one in which for each pair of transactions Ti and Tj such that Tj reads a data item formerly written by Ti, the comm
Mixed fragmentation: Sometimes, horizontal fragmentation or vertical fragmentation of a database schema by itself is insufficient to sufficiently distribute the data for some appli
Outer Join: The use of Outer Join is that it still joins those tuples that do not have matching values in common columns are also contained in the result table. Outer join places
These are interactive interfaces, graphical that hide the difficulty of the DBMS and query language behind an intuitive, simple to understand, and convenient interface. This permit
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