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Define Assertions in SQL
a. An assertion is a predicate that is expressing a condition we wish the database to always satisfy.
b. Domain constraints, functional dependency and referential integrity are unique forms of assertion.
c. In which a constraint cannot be expressed in these forms, we use an assertion, for example
what is view?explain
Explain the term- Query. Queries are used to repossess and show specific records in a table. They can also be used to show specific fields of specific records, which meet the co
The entity type STUDENT has the following attributes: Student Name, Address, Phone, Age, Activity, and No of Years. Activity represents some campus-based student activity, and No o
Data Redundancy -A lot of information is being repeated in the relation. For instance, the information that MCS-014 is named SSAD is repetitive, address of Rahul is "D- 27, Main ro
What is candidate key? Candidate Key - A candidate key of an entity set is a minimal superkey, which uniquely identifies each row in the relation.
Describe the candidate key functions ? Candidate Key and Alternate Key: In some instances, an entity will have more than one attribute which can serve as a primary key. Any key
Parallelism of transaction execution: A transaction can be divided into various sub-queries that can operate on fragments in parallel. This enhances the degree of concurrency in t
Cardinality shows the number of instances of an entity associated with another entity participating in a relationship. Depend on the cardinality binary relationship can be further
diagrams and meaning
What is an object ID? Each class-derived table has an ID for primary key, one or more object IDs form primary key for association derived tables. An object ID is equivalent dat
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