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Define an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level entities
Ans: Aggregation.
It is an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level entities Aggregation. (In ER diagram, aggregation is utilized to denote a relationship as an entity set.)
Object Oriented model :An object has values stored in instance variables within the object. An object also has bodies of code that execute on the object. These bodies of code are
File Organisation And Its Types Just as arrays, trees, lists and other data structures are used to execute data Organisation in main memory, a number of planning's are used to
Explain Strict Two-Phase locking A transaction T does not release any type of its exclusive (X) locks until that transaction commits or aborts. In this method no other transact
What is meant by normalization of data? It is a process of examining the given relation schemas based on their Functional Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to achieve the prop
Which operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table? PROJECTION operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table.
distributed quey processing
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
One-to-one relationship: For every 1:1 relationship type R in the ER diagram including two entities E1 and E2 we take one of entities (say E1) preferably with total participatio
INSERT INTO command : Values can be inserted for all columns or for the selected columns Values can be given by sub query. In place of values parameter substitution
Write short notes on Schema diagram. A database schema along with primary key and foreign key dependencies can be depicted pictorially by schema diagram. Every relation appears
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